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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How does cancer develop?
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1 Initiation
2 Promotion 3 Progression 4 Metastasis 5 Angiogenesis |
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Detection and Prevention of Cancer
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* Primary Prevention (Preaching)
* Secondary Prevention (Screenings) * Tertiary (Treatment) |
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What is metastasis?
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This occurs when cancer cells move from the primary location by breaking off from the original group and establishing remote colonies. Even though the tumor is now in another organ, it is still a cancer from the original altered tissue.
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How does cancer effect Motor/Sensory?
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This occurs when cancers invade bone or the brain or compress nerves. Bone metastasis causes pain, fractures, spinal cord compression, and hypercalcemia, each of which reduces mobility. Any tumor, benign or malignant, growing in the brain can destroy healthy brain tissue and cause death.
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How can cancer reduce oxygenation?
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If tumors develop in the airway, it causes airway obstruction. If lung tissue is involved, lung capacity is reduced. Tumors can also press on blood and lymph vessels in the chest, blocking blood flow through the chest and lungs, which results in pulmonary edema and dyspnea.
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What does prophylactic surgery mean in regards to cancer?
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It removes "at-risk" tissue to prevent cancer development. It is performed if there is family history that strongly predisposes development or a premalignant condition.
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What is diagnostic surgery (biopsy)?
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The removal of all or part of a suspected lesion for examination and testing. It provides proof of the presence of cancer.
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What are some side effects of surgical therapy?
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Loss of a body part or part of its function
Removal of an entire organ (Any organ loss reduces fx) Patients are often anxious Grieving about a change in appearance or lifestyle |
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Nursing care related to the surgery for cancer
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psychosocial support and assisting the patient to achieve or maintain maximum function
Assess ability to cope with the uncertainty of cancer Encourage them to express all concerns Help patient accept changes in appearance by encouraging them to look and touch surgical site. Provide information about support groups Discuss have a person who has coped with the same issues come for a visit |
