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96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Larynx Cancer
Risk Factors |
Men
>65 African Americans Tobacco, alcohol Poor nutrition HPV- child get during birth Weak immunity Chemicals GERD |
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S/S of Larynx Cancer
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Sore throat
Hoarseness Cough Pain w/ swallowing Dyspnea Ear pain Lump WL |
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These are preventions for what type of cancer ?
No Smoking, Ventilating workplace, Malnutrition and vitamin deificency |
Larynx Cancer
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What tpye of can would have these as Diagnostic tools?
Scope + biopsy larynogoscopy |
Larynx Cancer
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Larynx Cancer
TX |
Surgery
1. partial laryngectomy 2. total laryngectomy 3. TEP RT external CT systemic |
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Larynx cancer
Miscellanous |
Concentrate on mouth, teeth, gums and toungue
Mouth sores- special rinse Moiser mouthkot- fake saliva Xerostomia- caphosol pain- viscous xylocaine LOA- megace Speech for swallow C/S Esophageal speech vs. mechanical larynx Stoma- careful w pollution, shower |
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>50-65, AAs,
N America & Europe Hi Fat diet Inactivity Family Hx vasectomy |
Prostate
Risk Factors |
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Nocturia, polyuria,
Difficulty starting urination, pain urinating, pain ejaculating, blood in urine/semen Pain in back, thighs, hips |
S/S for prostate cancer
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Prevention for prostate cancer
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Vitamin E, Selenium
Dec. Androgen Proscar |
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Diagnosis for Prostate Cancer
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PAP
DRE TRUS Biopsy |
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Prostate Cancer treatment
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- radical prostatectomy
- TURP RT: Internal, External Hormones- Lupron, Proscar orchiectomy |
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Side effects of RT for Prostate cancer
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after RT implant
SE of Tx: impotence and incontinence |
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Lung Cancer
Risk Factors |
Smoking, Hookah,
TB, Pnuemonia Asbestos Talcum powder Chemicals Radon Hx of lung cancer Vitamin A Air pollution |
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Cough, CP, hoarseness, WL, LOA, Bloody sputum, SOB, Wheezing, FUO, recurring infections
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Lung Cancer S/S
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Prevention For Lung Cancer
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No smoking
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Diagnostic for Lung Cancer
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Chest X-ray
Cat Scan |
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Lung Cancer Treatment
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Surgery
Pleurodesis CT: systemic RT: external |
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Lung Cancer Miscellaneous
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If receive pneumonectomy, lay on the side of the lung they removed
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Lung Cacer Tumor markers
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CEA CA125 NSE
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What type of cancer is at risk here?
After menopause , obesity, fertility drugs, infertility, early menses, Hi fat lo Fiber diet, Family Hx, BRCA 1&2, talcum powder, selenium, alcohol |
Ovarian Cancer
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S/S for Ovarian Cancer
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Bleeding after intercourse and periods,
Pain during intercourse Pelvic, back or groin pain Dysuria hematuria |
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Prevention for
Ovarian Cancer |
Vitamins E, C
Folic Acid Pap smears @ 18 or sexually active vaccines |
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Diagnostics for
Ovarian Cancer |
Biopsy+ colposcopy
Pap test |
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Tx for
Ovarian Cancer |
Surgery
RT: internal & external CT: systemic |
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What are the S/E for RT with Ovarian Cancer
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SE of RT: vaginal dryness
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Ovarian Cancer Tumor Marker
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CA125 CEA HCG AFP
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Cervical Cancer
risk factors |
HPV, Chlamydia,
Cervical polyps Smoking HIV Poor Diet LT oral protection DES Low socioeconomic |
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Cervical Cancer
S/S |
Bleeding after intercourse and periods,
Pain during intercourse Pelvic, back or groin pain Dysuria hematuria |
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Cervical Cancer
Prevention |
Vitamins E, C
Folic Acid Pap smears @ 18 or sexually active vaccines |
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Cervical Cancer
Dx |
Biopsy+ colposcopy
Pap test |
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Cervical Cancer
tx |
Surgery
RT: internal & external CT: systemic |
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s/e of RT and CT with
Cervical Cancer |
SE of CT & RT: early menopause
During external RT intercourse is encouraged cuz of vaginal stenosis |
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Tumor marker CA 125
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Cervical Cancer
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Family/personal Hx
Hx of polyps Hx of IBD >50,Diet, obesity, inactivity, alcohol, smoking |
Colorectal Cancer
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Colorectal Cancer
s/s |
Change in B/
Rectal Bleed Cramping Gas pains LOA,WL Fatigue |
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Colorectal Cancer
Prevention |
In Childhood
Eat fruits and veggies, whole grains Vitamins C,E,D Calcium, folate, aspirin |
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Colorectal Cancer
Dx |
Ultrasound, FOB, colonoscopy w biopsy, barium enema
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Colorectal Cancer
tx |
Surgery
RT: external/ internal CT: systemic |
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Colorectal Cancer
tumor markers |
CEA CA19-9 CA 27-29 CA 125
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Smoking, family Hx, chromosomal abn., radiation, chemicals- benzene
Drugs- alkylating agents, chloramphenicol, phenylbutazone Viruses- HLV 1, 2 |
Leukemia
risk factors |
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Leukemia
S/S |
Fever, WL, Fatigue, recurrent infections, unexplained bleeding, anemia, splenomegaly
Joint pain Neurologic prob. |
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Leukemia
Dx |
CBC + Differentials
BM biopsy |
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Leukemia
tx |
CT
BM transplant |
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Leukemia
Miscellaneous |
Acute vs. Chronic
Acute worse SE of Transplant: infection, VOC, Bleeding, GVHD Neutropenia – neutropenic precautions, neupogen Erythrocytopenia- epogen Thrombocytopenia- give platelets, prevent trauma |
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Men, moles, fair skin, family Hx, Immune suppress, UV rays, xeroderma pigmentosum, exposure to coal tar, arsenic compounds, radium
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Skin
risk factors |
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Skin
s/s |
A- symmetry
B- order irregularity C- olor D- iameter E- levation |
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Skin
Prevention |
Skin self exams
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Skin
dx |
Examination of skin, biopsy
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Skin
Tx |
Surgery
CT: topical and systemic RT: external |
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Skin
Misscellaneous |
Types: basal cell, squamos cell, melanoma
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Myeloma
risk factors |
Men, obesity, >70, AAs, Family Hx, RT exposure, work w petroleum, other plasma diseases
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Bone pain, osteoporosis, anemia, kidney s/s of what cancer
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Myeloma
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Myeloma
Dx |
Abnormal Immunoglobin-Bence Jones Proteins
BM biopsy |
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Myeloma
Tx |
Chemo, allopurinol, analgesics
RT- external for palliation Rarely surgery BM transplant |
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Myeloma
Miscellaneous |
Increased r/f fractures
Complications: Spinal cord compression hypercalcemia |
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Complications of
Myeloma |
Spinal Cord Compression and hypercalemia
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4 major problems with BM ( bone marrow transplant and Stem cell
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Infection
bleeding GVHD Vaso - occlusive( hydrate) |
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Neupogen
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BRM( biologic response modifers) increase immune function of Neutrophils
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Epogen
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BRM( biologic response modifers) increase immune function of RBC
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What are the side effects of Neupogen and Epogen
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Flu like symptoms
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Who would be a candidate for Bone marrow transplant?
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Leukemia, Multiple myloma, lymphomia
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Name 5 oncologic emergencies
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Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
Tumor Lysis Syndrome Hypercalcemia Spinal cord Compression SIADH |
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Normal sodium levels
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135-145
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Normal Calcium levels
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9-10.5 mg/dL
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Neutropenic precautions
AVOID |
fresh fruit and veg
no recal temp or suppositories dental work ( may need antbiotics before) stay away from sick people |
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Pre meds for Blood Tranfusion
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Benadryl 25 Tylenol 650 mg Diuretic (20 lasix) blood must hang for 4 hrs
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s/s of superior Vena cava syndrome
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SOB, cough, facial swelling
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superior Vena cava syndrome
Dx |
CXR
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Tumor lysis syndrome
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increase fluids b/c prevents kidney failure by enhancing uric acid excretion
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pt has SIADH: what does pt have?
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Decreased Na
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Most common treatment for cancer
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Surgery
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Radiation safety
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Distance >6 feet
Time <30 min Shield - wear shield |
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What are the warning signs of Cancer?
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C hange in bowel or bladder habits
A sore that won’t heal {Diabetics are poor healers} U nusual bleeding or discharge T hickening or lump in breast or elsewhere I ndigestion or difficulty in swallowing O bvious change in a mole or wart N agging cough or hoarseness Chemoprevention – non-cytotoxic nutrients and drug help the prevent of cancer {Vitamin C & ASA} |
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When is blood work done
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Before- during and after
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If extravasation occurs
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Discontinue Treatment
Apply cold and warm compresses inject antidote surgical intervention |
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Common antidotes for extravasation
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sodium thiosulfate
hyaluronidse Sodium bicarbonate |
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What is Leucovorin( folic acid) usually given with?
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methorexate (as a rescue) to minimize the hematologic effects of chemo drug
and 5-FU enhances the effects of chemotherapy |
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#1 s/e of Chemo
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Fatigue
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Nadir Sepsis
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Lowest blood count point after chemotheraphy
ok to give chemo if neutr |
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What is staging
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Gives information on size, lymph nodes involvement, or metastasis
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Malignancies associated with a known viral origin: Epstein Barr Virus
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Burrits lymphoma
B cell lymphoma |
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Malignancies associated with a known viral origin: Hep B and C
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Liver Carcinoma
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Malignancies associated with a known viral origin:HPV
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Cervical
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Malignancies associated with a known viral origin:HLV 1 HLV 2
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lymphoma and leukemia
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Carcinogen:
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ATOH ,
Arenic Benzene Chemo agents: Alkyating antibiotics antimetabolics cyclosprine Diseal exhaust hair dyes Ionizing radiation mineral oils pesticide polychlorinated biphenyls sunlight tobacco |
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Name to cancers associated with Tobacco
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Lung, Larynx, colon, rectum, leukema
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Alcohol
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breast, Liver colon rectum, mouth, pharynx, esophagus
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Name 2 Chemo drugs: Alkylating agent - common side effect?
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Cytoxan
Cisplatin s/e nephrotoxic |
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Name 2 Chemo drugs: Antimetabolites agent - common side effect?
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Methotrexate
5-FU s/e neurotoxic |
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Name 2 Chemo drugs: Antitumor Antibiotics agent - common side effect?
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Bleomycin
Adriamycin |
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Name to cancers associated with Tobacco
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Lung, Larynx, colon, rectum, leukema
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Alcohol
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breast, Liver colon rectum, mouth, pharynx, esophagus
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Name 2 Chemo drugs: Alkylating agent - common side effect?
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Cytoxan
Cisplatin s/e nephrotoxic |
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Name 2 Chemo drugs: Antimetabolites agent - common side effect?
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Methotrexate
5-FU s/e neurotoxic |
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Name 2 Chemo drugs: Antitumor Antibiotics agent - common side effect?
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Bleomycin
Adriamycin s/e cariac toxic |
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Name 2 Chemo drugs: Antimiotics agent - common side effect?
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Vincritine
Vinblastin s/e Intestional obstruction and neurotoxic |
