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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Epidemiology is the study of the ____ and ____ of disease frequency in human populations |
Distribution Determinants |
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T/F Human disease occurs at Random |
F; does not occur at random |
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What 2 things can be identified regarding human disease through systematic investigation |
Causal and Preventative factors |
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Define: Disease frequency |
How many people are getting disease |
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Define: Distribution of Disease |
Who, Where, and When is getting/does disease occur |
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What is "determinants of diesease" |
What causes the disease |
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Descriptive Epidemiology focuses on people who develop disease in terms of their _____(2) (PC and WW to CA) |
1) Personal Characteristics 2) Where/when they were exposed to causative agent |
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List 4 strengths that descriptive epidemiology covers |
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What are the 2 types of observational studies |
Descriptive Epi Analytical Epi |
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What does Descriptive Epi deal with |
Who, What, Where, When |
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What does Analytical Epi deal with |
Why and How |
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T/F There are no preconceived notions about relationship between exposure and disease with descriptive studies |
T |
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What are the 2 methods of analytical studies |
Case-Control (retrospective) Cohort (prospective studies) |
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Name the type of study for the following relationship: Exposure <--------> Disease |
Descriptive |
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Name the type of study for the following relationship: Exposure <-------- Disease |
Case-Control (Retrospective) |
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Name the type of study for the following relationship: Exposure --------> Disease |
Cohort (prospective) ( Given more weight) |
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What are the 3 goals of descriptive epi |
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Name 2 Cancer Data Sources |
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What percent of human cancers are caused by human behavior |
50-75% (Smoking, inactivity, poor diet, alcohol, etc) |
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What is the single most important risk factor for cancer |
smoking - 30% of cancers basically everything except colon and breast |
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What group has lowest # of cigarette smokers - whites, blacks, hispanics |
Hispanics |
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Fruit and Vegetable consumption are associated with lower incidence of what kind of cancers |
Mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, stomach, lung, and some evidence for pancreas, prostate, and colon |
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T/F Blacks have lowest intake of fruits and vegetables while hispanics the highest |
T |
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What component of procssesd meats, but not fresh, may lead to cancers of colon and prostate |
Salt and Nitrates in processed meats Fat and Iron in all red meat |
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What types of cancers are associated with alcohol |
Mouth, esophagus, pharynx, larynx, and liver Heavy Use --> Colorectal |
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T/F synergistic effect of combining tobacco with alcohol for mouth, throat, and esophageal cancers |
T |
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Among adolescents (12-17), what demographic is more likely to consume alcohol |
Whites and Hispanics > Blacks |
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Physical activity is linked to lower risk of (4) cancers |
Colon (30%) Breast lung endometrial |
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T/F The rich do less exercise |
F; poor --> more inactivity Hispanics > Blacks > Whites inactive active |
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T/F Education --> Exercise |
T |
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T/F Women are more likely than men NOT to engage in leisure-time physical activity |
T |
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T/F Whites more likely to be inactive |
F; blacks and hispanics more likely |
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T/F Obesity linked to increases in colon, PM Breast, uterine, esophageal., and RCC |
T |
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T/F People got FAT in the 90s |
T |
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T/F Female African Americans are most obese and inactive |
T |
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Top 3 New cancers for Males vs Females |
Males: Prostate, Lung, Colorectal
Females: Breast, Lung, Colorectal |
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Lifetime prob of developing cancers - All sites Males vs Females |
1:2 1:3 |
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Top cancers for children 0-14 years old |
ALL
Brain/CNS |
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Top cancers for adolescents 15-19 years old |
Hodgkins Thyroid |
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T/F Ca Incidence has gone up while Mortality has gone down |
T |
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What cancers have had better survival since the 70s |
Breast and Colon Lung and Pancreus have minimal |
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Biggest killer |
Lung |
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T/F Pancreatic and Liver cancer mortality has decreased in recent years |
F; increased for both males and females |
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What groups are more likely to die from cancer |
Men > Women Blacks > Nonblacks |
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T/F Although cancer incidences are different for different races, the mortality is similar |
T |
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How many cancer deaths have been avoided in men and women form 91-2011 |
~ 1 million men ~500,000 for women |
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What is the median age of breast Ca Dx |
61 |
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What percent of BrCa is dx at localized stage |
60% |
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What is the median age of prostate Ca Dx |
67 |
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What percent of prostate ca is dx at localized stage |
>90% |
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10 and 15 yr survival rates for prostate ca |
97.8% and 91.4% |
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Cancer is the __ leading cause of child death |
2nd |
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most common second cancers in children |
Breast, Brain, Bone, Thyroid, melanoma, AML |
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Radiation or anthracyclines may cause |
heart issues |
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Most common SE of cancer and txt |
Pain Fatigue Emotional distress Bone Density Cardiotox Cog deficics |
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What are the 4 facets of QLM |
Psychological Social Spiritual Physical |
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Nerve damage in CA pat due to |
Taxanes and Vincristine: Damage sensory nerves --> peripheral neuropathy |
