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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Give 5 examples of Alkylating agents:
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Mechlorethamine (nitrogen mustard), Cyclophosphamide/Ifosfamide, Cisplatinum/Carboplatin, Chlorambucil, Procarbazine
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How do Alkylating agents work?
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covalent binding and cross-linking of DNA, RNA and proteins. DNA cross-linking impairs DNA replication and transcription ultimately leading to cell death
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What are side effects of alkylating agents and why?
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Side effects – not specific to tumor (kill everything!) all bone marrow suppression, alopecia, severe stomatitis (mouth ulcers), GI tract suppression (rapidly proliferating cells)
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what are some uses of cyclophosphamide/ifosfamide?
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marrow transplants, ovary and breast cancer, lymphomas, vasculitis
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What are the side effects of cyclophosphamide/ifosfamide in particular? How are these side effects now avoided?
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Drugs broken down to produce acrolein (toxic to bladder causing hemorrhagic cystitis)
Can neutralize it by giving mesna |
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Give some uses for Cisplatinum/carboplatin and some side effects
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testicular, head & neck, ovarian, and lung cancer
Side effects – nephrotoxicity (can cause ATN), neurotoxicity, ototoxicity |
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What is chlorambucil used for?
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CLL and lymphomas
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What does MOPP stand for?
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Mechlorethamine (nitrogen mustard, therapy for hodgkins), Oncovin(vincristine), Prednisone, Procarbazine
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Give 4 examples of anti-metabolite drugs used in cancer therapy
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methotrexate (MTX), 5-Fluorouracil, Cytarabine, Hydroxyurea
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What is the mechanism of MTX?
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inhibits dihydrofolate reductase which regenerates reduced folates from oxidized
folates produced when dTMP is formed from dUMP without reduced folates, cells die a thymineless death |
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What is Leucovorin rescue?
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It is giving N-5 formyl tetrahydrofolate, a product downstream from MTX block, to decrease toxicity for normal cells
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What are MTX side effects?
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bone marrow, hepatic, nephrotoxicity, stomatitis, gastrointestinal
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What do 5-Fluorouracil and Cytarabine have in common?
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They are both pyrimidine antagonists
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What is 5-FU's mechanism of action? What is it used for, and what side effects does it have?
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pyrimidine antimetabolite, metabolized to nucleoside form and is an inhibitor of thymidylate synthase
Uses: colon/breast cancer Side effects: bone marrow, stomatitis |
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How does Cytarabine (ara C) work? What is it used for and what side effects does it have?
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incorporated into DNA during replication strand termination. S-phase specific
Uses: AML, lymphoma Side effects: bone marrow, stomatitis, cerebellar ataxia |
