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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Initiation
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Cell is acted on by carcinogen and alters DNA
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Promotion
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Additional thoughts that take place on the cell examples could be cigarette smoking and nitrates
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Malignant conversion
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Undergo abnormal changes
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Progression
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Increasingly malignant
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Cancer
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A group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled and unregulated growth of cells
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External risk factors
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10 or more years may pass between exposure and detectable cancer. For example if someone shoes tobacco when they're young and then quits cancer could still show up 10 years later.
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Tobacco
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Causes 30 percent of all cancer deaths. Can include cancers such as long, oral cavity, pancreas, kidney, and bladder.
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Endogenous risk factors
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Age: the elderly have decreased immuno protection. Genetic heritage: such as acute leukemia ,retinoblastoma and melanoma , these have a higher chance of being passed on through family. Hormonal factors: breast, prostate, uterus( changes in estrogen and testosterone); immunological factors: immunosuppressive diseases / therapy.
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Risk factors
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Viruses such as hepatitis B, C & HPV and the EB virus , bacteria such as h. Pylori, exposure to Sun or radiation, environmental drug exposure: (asbestos & dry cleaning agents) nutrition high fat: (colon, breast and prostate)
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Caution C
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Change in bowel or bladder
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Caution A
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A sore that does not heal
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Caution U
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Unusual bleeding or discharge
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Caution T
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thickening / lump in breast or elsewhere
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Caution I
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Indigestion / difficulty swallowing
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Caution O
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Obvious change in wart / mole
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Caution N
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Nagging cough / hoarseness
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