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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The abnormal growth of cells that tends to invade neighboring tissues and spread to distant body sites
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cancer
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condition of uncontrolled proliferation that knows no limits and serves no purpose for the host
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cancer
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refers to new growth; is interchangeable with the term "neoplasm"; does not always refer to something cancerous
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tumor
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new growth (tumor)
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neoplasia/neoplasm
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the term for cancer cells having independence from normal cellular controls
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autonomy
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loss of differentiation; loss of form
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anaplasia
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What type of tumor is this?
well-encapsulated well-differentiated slow growing has the suffix "-oma" |
benign
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What type of tumor is this?
grows rapidly not well differentiated poorly defined invades local tissues spread through blood/lymph to distant locations |
malignant
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the stage in which the cancer is in the organ of origin is?
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stage 1
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the stage in which the cancer is locally invasive is?
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stage 2
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the stage in which the cancer has spread to regional structures like lymph nodes is?
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stage 3
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the stage in which the cancer has spread to distant sites is?
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stage 4
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refers to a combination of physical findings, lab testing, and imaging studies that reveal if the cancer has spread
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clinical staging
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substance produced by cancer cells that is found on the tumor plasma membrane, blood, spinal fluid, or urine
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tumor marker
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What causes cancer?
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Cancer is caused by the genes of the cells; predominantly a disease of aging
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progression of specific genetic changes ("hits") are required for the cell to become cancerous; when a sufficient # of hits occur, the cancer develops
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multiple-hit hypothesis
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some cancer cells secrete growth factors that stimulate their own growth
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autocrine stimulation
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self-destruct mechanism that is diabled in cancer cells
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apoptosis
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secreted in advanced cancers and stimulate the growth of new blood cells to supply cancer with nutrients
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angiogenic factors
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chromosome "end caps" that are destroyed with each cell division; cancer cells maintain these and do not die
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telomeres
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