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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the Treaty of Utrecht? |
Signed in 1713, ended the Spanish war and fighting between France and Britain, France forced to surrender possession of most of New France |
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What was the 7 Years War? |
1755, lasted 8 years, between France and Britain |
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Where did this war take place? |
Europe and North America, France focused more on E, Britain more on NA |
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What is the significance of the Ohio Valley? |
This area around the Great Lakes was wanted by both French and British, mapped by French explorer Rene-Robert Cavalier, British colonists wanted to expand land |
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How did each troop get supplies? |
Britain could supply themselves in NA, French had to import supplies from France, British navy blocked French supplies |
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Who took over the Ohio Valley and Louisbourg? |
British |
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Who were the British and French generals? |
B- James Wolfe, F- Joseph de Montealm |
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What happened at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham? |
1759 Wolfe's men stationed below cliffs in Quebec, B soldiers positioned at POA, Montealm stationed men at Beauport, B troops outside Quebec marched into fight, both generals die |
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Who admitted defeat in 1760? |
Governor Vaudreuil |
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What was signed after this battle? |
Articled of Capitulation, F surrendered NF to B |
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What was the Treaty of Paris? |
1763 ends 7 Years War |
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What did the Treaty of Paris decide? |
NF belonged to B, except St. Pierre and Miquelon, Spain gained Louisiana, B gained Florida, fur trade is free for all |
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What was the North West Company? |
1779 Montreal fur traders formed NWC to save costs of fur trade as it moved inland |
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Who was involved in the NWC? |
Led by businessmen Simon Fraser, Alexander Mackenzie, Peter Pond, etc, 23 partners, over 2000 guides, interpreters and voyageurs, married F Canadian women who managed trade posts |
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What was their business approach like? |
Bold and aggressive, NWC/HBC competing and pushing each other inland |
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What did Peter Pond map? |
His portage around northern Saskatchewan in 1753, allowed traders to move up Athabasca River, established Fort Chipwyan in Alberta |
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What is pemmican? |
Dried bison, major food source for traders, Pond learned to make from FN |
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What did Pond want funding for? |
To expand to the Pacific from water flowing from Athabasca River, denied funding from government, Alexander Mackenzie reaches Pacific in 1793 |
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What did Simon Fraser do? |
1808 travels down modern day Fraser River, explored southern trade routes, dangerous travel |
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What did David Thompson do? |
Found practical route to Pacific, worked for HBC, NWC hires him for 4x his salary |
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When did the two companies merge? |
1821 |
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Why was the NWC successful? |
Owned by active business people, lived and traded in the interior, skilled voyageurs, had personal relationships with FN trading partners |
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Why was alcohol introduced in the fur trade? |
Originally church leaders campaigned against using it, competition between NWC/HBC intensified, used to increase profits, cheaper to produce than other goods |
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Why did FN want to trade alcohol? |
Had already accumulated all the goods they needed (knives, blankets, etc), but alcohol is consumable and addictive |
