Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Agnes McPhail
|
-first woman to be elected in Canadian House of Commons
-radical member of the progressive party -joined socialist group that would later form the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) -first woman delegate to the league of nations and voted for Canada to enter WWII |
|
|
Boer War
|
-marked a turning point in British and Canadian relations
-1989 discovery of gold and other minerals deposits led to immigration and investment into the Boer republic which cause friction -Britain turned to members of the Empire for support -Laurier was not willing to send troops into a conflict that was not of Canadian concern but offered to pay for equipment and transport of Canadian volunteers |
|
|
Chanak Crisis
|
-September 1922 the threatened attack by Turkish troops on British and French troops stationed near Chanak
-was the occasion of the Canadian government's first assertion of diplomatic independence from Great Britain -Canada did not consider itself active in the conflict -Prime Minister Mackenzie King insisted that the Canadian Parliament should decide on the course of action the country would follow and by the time it was debated the crisis had passed -King made his point |
|
|
Clifford Sifton
|
-Canadian politician best known for being the Minister of the Interior under Sir Wilfrid Laurier
-responsible for encouraging the massive amount of immigration in Canada which occurred in the first decade of the 20th century -encouraged settlement in the west from immigrants from Britain and US -Sifton resigned from cabinet following a dispute with Laurier over religious education |
|
|
Cypress Hill Massacre
|
-June 1 1873, tensions between Nakoda natives and Canadian whiskey traders
-fire opened between parties -23 Nakota deaths -Canadians outraged and John A. MacDonald created the North West Mountain Police |
|
|
Gabriel Dumont
|
-led the small Métis military forces during the Northwest Resistance of 1885
-his tiny army experienced some success against government forces at Duck Lake and Fish Creek -fought for metis rights such as farming assistance, schools, land grants, and title to already occupied lands -Dumont was also a member of the delegation which convinced Louis Riel to return to Canada and plead the Métis case to the federal government |
|
|
Henri Bourassa
|
-French Canadian political leader and publisher. He is seen by many as an ideological father of Canadian nationalism.
-He argued that Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier was a sell out to British imperialism and its supporters in Canada -concerned with the threat posed to Canada by British and English Canadian imperialism, he was also troubled by the nation's progressive Americanization |
|
|
J.S. Woodsworth
|
-pioneer in the Canadian social democratic movement
-first leader of, the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), a democratic socialist party that later became the New Democratic Party (NDP) -strongly influenced Canadian social policy, and many of the social concepts he pioneered are represented in contemporary programs such as social assistance and medicare, which are deemed to be fundamentally important in Canadian society today |
|
|
Komagata Maru
|
-a Japanese-owned freighter chartered out of Hong Kong in April 1914 by 376 Punjabis, mostly SIKHS, bound for Canada
-At the time, East Indians were kept out of Canada by an order-in-council requiring them to come to Canada by continuous passage from India -ship was sent back to Indian -played a role in strengthening Indian nationalism but did not affect immigration laws |
|
|
Mackenzie-Papineau Battalion
|
-Canadian battalion that fought in the Spanish Civil War
-Except for France, no other country gave a greater proportion of its population as volunteers in Spain than Canada |
|
|
Manitoba Act
|
-created the province of Manitoba
-Riel was a major influence on the Manitoba Act since it was based on his list of rights -Imperial Parliament enacted the Constitution Act, 1871,which confirmed that the federal Parliament had the power to establish new provinces and provide for their constitutions |
|
|
Maritime Rights Movement
|
-arose in the 1920s in response to perceived unfair economic policies in Canada that were affecting the economies of the provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island
-broad-based protest demanding better treatment from Ottawa -attempted to address issues relating to interprovincial trade barriers, freight rates on railways, and various other indicators that were believed to be behind an economic decline since the early 20th century and aggravated by World War I -recommendations to lower tariffs, decrease freight rates, and change other federal policies to help the regional economy, however few of these recommendations were ever implemented as King largely ignored the commission |
|
|
National Policy
|
-Canadian economic program introduced by John A. Macdonald
-called for high tariffs on imported manufactured items to protect the manufacturing industry -nation would become more secure and less reliant on the United States -The policy forced farmers to buy Canadian agricultural equipment at higher prices, but they also had to compete on the international market for grain. This opposition to the National Policy played an important role in the rise of the Progressive Party of Canada in the 1920s -The National Policy was slowly dismantled under the many years of Liberal rule under William Lyon Mackenzie King and Louis St. Laurent -economists argue that it increased prices and lowered Canada's efficiency and ability to compete in the world |
|
|
On to Ottawa Trek
|
-was a long journey where thousands of unemployed men protesting the dismal conditions in federal relief camps scattered in remote areas across Western Canada
-June 22nd Ottawa meeting turned into a shouting match, with Bennett attacking the group as radicals and accusing Trek leader Arthur "Slim" Evans of being an extortionist. Evans in turn called the Prime Minister a liar before the delegation was escorted out of the building -Led to riots in Regina -The events helped to discredit Bennett's Conservative government, and in the 1935 federal election, his party went from holding 134 seats to just 39. It also increased the notoriety of the Communist Party of Canada, which was behind the organization of the Trek -The camps were soon dismantled and replaced by seasonal relief camps run by the provinces and that paid the men slightly more for their labour than the earlier camps |
|
|
Pacific Scandal
|
-was a political scandal in Canada involving allegations of bribes being accepted by the Conservative government in the attempts of private interests to influence the bidding for a national rail contract
-The scandal ultimately led to the resignation of Canada's first Prime Minister, Sir John A. Macdonald -a transfer of power from his Conservative government to a Liberal government led by Alexander Mackenzie - One of the new government's first measures was to introduce secret ballots in an effort to improve the integrity of future elections |
|
|
Progressive Party
|
-a political party in Canada in the 1920s and 1930s
-It was linked with the provincial United Farmers -The party was part of a farmers' political movement that included provincial Progressive and United Farmers' parties -With the failure of the wartime Union government to alter a tariff structure that hurt farmers, various farmers movements across Canada became more radical and entered the political arena -rejected the National Policy of the Conservatives and also felt that the Liberals were not strong enough proponents of free trade and were too strongly tied to business interests |
|
|
Prohibition
|
-The temperance movement reached its height in Canada in the 1920s, when outside imports were cut off by provincial referendums
- As legislation prohibiting consumption of alcohol was repealed, it was typically replaced with regulation restricting the sale of alcohol to minors and imposing excise taxes on alcoholic products -the temperance movement to close all drinking establishments, which they viewed as the source of societal ills and misery. -They believed that poverty, crime, disease and domestic abuse would stop in dry mankind -Due to an idea for wartime domestic reform, prohibition became part of the War Measures Act in 1918 |
|
|
The Maple Leaf Forever
|
-a Canadian song written by Alexander Muir (1830–1906) in 1867, the year of Canada's Confederation
-The song became quite popular in English Canada and for many years served as an unofficial national anthem -Because of its strongly British perspective it became unpopular amongst French Canadians, and this prevented it from ever becoming an official anthem |
|
|
Vimy Ridge
|
-Fought at in France during the WWI
-combatants were the Canadian Corps, of four divisions, against three divisions of the German Sixth Army -Canada conquered Vimy Ridge in 2 days -First time Canadians fought together -Accomplished a task that no other military was able to -Although there were major losses in the battle -former battleground serves as a preserved memorial park and site of the Canadian National Vimy Memorial |
|
|
Wartime Elections Act
|
-a bill passed on September 20, 1917by the Conservative government of Robert Borden during the Conscription Crisis of 1917 and was instrumental in pushing Liberals to join the Conservatives in the formation of the Canadian Unionist government
-The act gave the vote to the wives, widows, mothers, and sisters of soldiers serving overseas. first time women can vote -The act also disenfranchised "enemy-alien" citizens naturalized after March 31, 1902, unless they had relatives serving in the armed forces -In the long run, however, the laws so alienated French-Canadians and recent immigrants that they would vote Liberal for decades, greatly hurting the Conservative Party -After the war, the act was repealed, and all women were given the vote even if many Canadian politicians and other men were still very skeptical about giving women the right to vote |
|
|
Winnipeg General Strike
|
-1919 was one of the most influential strikes in Canadian history, and became the platform for future labour reforms
-Although many Canadian companies had enjoyed enormous profits on World War I contracts, wages and working conditions were dismal and labour regulations were mostly non-existent -In March 1919 labour delegates from across Western Canada convened in Calgary to form a branch of the "One Big Union", with the intention of earning rights for Canadian workers through a series of strikes - Formation of "One Big Union" would appear to represent one of the few times in Canadian history in which "class" lines have become clearly drawn, and workers have become conscious of themselves as a class |
|
|
Maurice Duplessis
|
-served as the 16th Premier of the Canadian province of Quebec from 1936 to 1939 and 1944 to 1959
-A founder and leader of the highly conservative Union Nationale party -His reign is often referred to in Quebec as La grande noirceur ("The Great Darkness"), especially due to the prevalent corruption and for the scandal surrounding the Duplessis Orphans -Duplessis championed rural areas, provincial rights, anti-Communism and opposed the trade unions |
|
|
Meech Lake Accord
|
- was a package of proposed amendments to the Constitution of Canada negotiated in 1987 by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and ten provincial premiers
-It was intended to persuade the government of the Province of Quebec to endorse the 1982 Canadian Constitution and increase support in Quebec for remaining within Canada -Its rejection had the effect of energizing support for Quebec sovereignty |
|
|
Permanent Joint Board of Defence
|
-was established by Canada and the United States on August 17, 1940
-The board consists of both Canadian and American military and civilian representatives -The main purpose of the group is to provide policy-level consultation on bilateral defence matters -Periodically the board conducts studies and reports to the governments of the United States and Canada -The board, which is co-chaired by a Canadian and an American, meets semi-annually |
|
|
North American Free Trade Agreement
|
-was a trade agreement signed by Canada and the United States on October 4, 1988
-resulted in a great increase in cross-border trade -Always been controversial in Canada -Under Canada's first Prime Minister, John A. Macdonald, the protectionist National Policy became a cornerstone of the new Canadian nation's policies toward the United States -While throughout the 20th century, exports fairly consistently made up about 25% of Canada's gross domestic product (GDP), since 1990 exports have been about 40% of GDP. After 2000, they reached nearly 50% |
