Canadian Geography 1D1 Grade 9 Exam Review

Front 1

Identify the 5 good things on a map!

Back 1

Title, scale, compass rose, contour lines, and a legend.

Front 2

What is a scale?

Back 2

A scale is a measurement upon a map that compares one signifigantly larger or smaller unit to another.

Front 3

Identify three types of scale and provide rules/examples for each.

Back 3

Representative Fraction (RF): 1:1000

Verbal Scale: 1cm = 1000m

Linear Scale: ___----___ (looks like this but flat)

Front 4

What are contour lines? The rules?

Back 4

Contour lines are lines upon a map that indicate dips or rises on landforms. One rule is: follow a specific interval.

Front 5

What is military grid (UTM)? How does it work?

Back 5

The military grid is the geocoordinate standard used by NATO militaries for locating points on the earth. It is used for latitude and longitude and is also called eastings/westings, and northings/southings.

Front 6

Define Latitude and longitude.

Back 6

Longitude is the North to South lines on the earth. Latitude is the West to East lines.

Front 7

What is the range (^o) for latitude and longitude?

Back 7

90^o.

Front 8

What skills are required to examine topographic maps?

Back 8

Mapping, math, and an artistic eye.

Front 9

How many time zones exist in Canada?

Back 9

Pacific, Mountain, Central, Eastern, Atlantic, and Newfoundland. Six time zones in total.

Front 10

Who invented the international time zone system?

Back 10

Sir Sandford Fleming.

Front 11

State the first geologic era along with the significant biological/geological events during the period.

Back 11

Precambrian era: the formation of the oceans, the development of the atmosphere and, the evolution of life. The first life forms are thought to have been bacteria, which appeared about 3.6 billion years ago.

Front 12

State the second geologic era along with the significant biological/geological events during the period.

Back 12

Paleozoic Era: the colonization of the land by plants and animals and the evolution of sharks, fish, insects, spiders, amphibians, ancestral reptiles, ferns, and early conifers.

Front 13

State the third geologic era along with the significant biological/geological events during the period.

Back 13

Mesozoic Era: covers the reign of dinosaurs. Other new life forms of this Era include turtles, crocodiles, ancestral birds, primitive mammals, flowering plants, snakes, lizards and social bees.

Front 14

State the fourth/current geologic era along with the significant biological/geological events during the period.

Back 14

Cenozoic Era: the appearance of humans, bats, whales, and primates.

Front 15

What is the tectonic plate theory?

Back 15

Plate tectonics is the theory that the outer rigid layer of the earth (the lithosphere) is divided into a couple of dozen "plates" that move around across the earth's surface relative to each other, like slabs of ice on a lake.

Front 16

Identify each of the Canadian Landforms?

Back 16

1. Western Cordillera

2. Interior Plains

3. Canadian Shield

4. Great Lakes-St.LawrenceLowlands (where we live)

5. Appalachian

6. Hudson Bay Lowlands - ArcticLowlands

7. Innuitian Mountains

Front 17

How has glaciation affected the physical composition of Canada?

Back 17

Glaciation has created landforms and our great lakes.

Front 18

Define weather.

Back 18

The state of the atmosphere at a place and time as regards heat, dryness, the sunshine, the wind, rain, etc.

Front 19

Define climate.

Back 19

The weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period.

Front 20

Define growing season.

Back 20

The part of the year during which rainfall and temperature allow plants to grow.

Front 21

Define precipitation.

Back 21

Rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to the ground.

Front 22

Outline the factors affecting climate?

Back 22

The climate of any particular place is influenced by latitude, elevation, nearby water, ocean currents, topography,vegetation, and prevailing winds.

Front 23

How many climate regions exist in Canada?

Back 23

Eight.

Front 24

Identify three types of precipitation.

Back 24

Relief, Frontal, and Convection.

Front 25

Explain Frontal precipitation.

Back 25

AKA Cyclonic Precipitation. Cyclonic or Frontal precipitation results when the leading edge of a warm, moist air mass (warm front) meets a cool and dry air mass (cold front).

Front 26

Explain Convectional precipitation.

Back 26

Convectional precipitation results when the warm ground heats the air over it. As the air warms, the air molecules separate, thus, the air becomes “lighter” and rises rapidly into the atmosphere. As the air rises, it cools. Water vapor in the air condenses into clouds and precipitation.

Front 27

Explain Relief precipitation.

Back 27

Relief rainfall is created as air masses are pushed up and over mountainous or upland areas. Relief rainfall occurs where moist air is forced to rise over a physical barrier such as a mountain range.

Front 28

What is the difference between continental and maritime climate?

Back 28

The difference between maritime and continental climate is that there is less of a temperature variation in a maritime climate, while in a continental climate the climate does fluctuate, such that summers can be hot and winters very cold. In a maritime climate, summers can be cool, and the winters are not very cold

Front 29

Define treeline.

Back 29

The tree line is the edge of the habitat at which trees are capable of growing

Front 30

What is the dominant vegetation types in Canada?

Back 30

Tundra, Grassland, and Forest.

Front 31

What is an ecozone?

Back 31

An ecozone is a region that is differentiated from others due to factors such as climate, vegetation, landform, and others.

Front 32

Identify three types of immigration.

Back 32

Refugee, independent, and family.

Front 33

Define push and pull factors.

Back 33

Push: Factors that push immigrants away from countries.

Pull: Factors that pull immigrants to countries.

Front 34

Define Population density and distribution.

Back 34

Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume.

Population distribution is the spread of people across the world, i.e. where do people live.

Front 35

What is a census?

Back 35

A census is a collection of data based on sex, age, and the number of people in homes.

Front 36

What is urban sprawl?

Back 36

Urban Sprawl is large subdivisions that are concentrated in population.

Front 37

What is GDP?

Back 37

Gross domestic product.

Front 38

What is the rock cycle?

Back 38