Campbell Essential Biology Ch 15

Front 1

Prokaryotes

Back 1

Lacking cell nuclei; earliest organisms

Front 2

Spontaneous generation

Back 2

idea from time of Ancient Greeks until the 1800s; life could regularly arise from nonliving matter

Front 3

Biogenesis

Back 3

All life arises only by the reproduction of preexisting life. "life-from-life" idea

Front 4

Binary Fission

Back 4

process in which the cells copy their DNA almost continuously and divide again and again

Front 5

Endospore

Back 5

a thick-coated, protective cell produced within the prokaryotic cell when the prokaryote is exposed to unfavorable conditions

Front 6

2 Main brances of prokaryotic evolution

Back 6

Bacteria and Archaea

Front 7

Pathogens

Back 7

bacteria and other organisms that cause disease

Front 8

Exotoxins

Back 8

poisonous proteins secreted by bacterial cells

Front 9

Endotoxins

Back 9

chemical components of the outer membrane of certain bacteria

Front 10

Bioremediation

Back 10

the use of organisms to remove pollutants from water, air or soil

Front 11

Protists

Back 11

catch-all category. Includes all eukaryotes that are not fungi, animals, or plants

Front 12

Symbiosis

Back 12

"living together" is a close association between organisms of two or more species

Front 13

Endosymbiosis

Back 13

One species living inside another host species

Front 14

Protozoans

Back 14

Protists that live primarily by ingesting food

Front 15

Flagellates

Back 15

protozoans that move by means of one or more flagella

Front 16

Amoebas

Back 16

characterized by great flexibility in their body shape and the absence of permanent organelles for locomotion

Front 17

Pseudopodia

Back 17

temporary extensions of the cell

Front 18

Apicomplexans

Back 18

all parasitic, some cause serious human diseases

Front 19

Ciliates

Back 19

protozoans that use structures called cilia to move and feed

Front 20

Plasmodial slime molds

Back 20

named for the feeding stage in their life cycle, and amoeboid mass called a plasmodium -

Front 21

Cellular slime molds

Back 21

a type of protists that has unicellular amoeboid cells and a multicellular reproductive body in its life cycle.

Front 22

Algae

Back 22

informal category which photosynthetic protists belong to

Front 23

Plankton

Back 23

communities of organisms, mostly microscopic, that drift or swim weakly near the surfaces of pnd, lakes, and oceans

Front 24

Dinoflagellate

Back 24

each species has a characteristic shape reinforced by external plates made of cellulose

Front 25

Diatoms

Back 25

have glassy cell walls containing silica, the mineral used to make glas

Front 26

green algae

Back 26

named from their grass-green chloroplasts. Flourish in most freshwater lakes and ponds

Front 27

Seaweeds

Back 27

large, multicellular marine algae. Grow on rocky shores and just offshore beyond the zone of the pounding surf.