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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gene Expression
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Information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. Products are often proteins but can also be a functional RNA. |
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Transcription
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Process of copying genetic information that is stored in DNA into a complementary strand of RNA (mRNA) with the help of RNA polymerases. |
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Messenger RNA (mRNA)
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Genetic information that is transcribed from DNA as a sequence of bases is transferred to a ribosome |
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Translation
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Ribosomes create proteins, mRNA is decoded by a ribosome to produce a specific amino acid chain or polypeptide.
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Ribosomes
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A particle made up of RNA and associated with proteins that are found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind mRNA and tRNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins.
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Primary Transcription
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RNA that was transcripted from DNA. This is processed to yield various mature RNA products such as mRNAs, tRNAs, and rRNAs.
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Triplet Code
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A sequence of three nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule codes for a specific amino acid in protein synthesis
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Template Strand
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The sequence of DNA that is copied during the synthesis of mRNA
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Codon
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Sequence of three nucleotides that form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.
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Reading Frame
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A way to read a DNA sequence, a sequence of three nucleotides on DNA or mRNA that indicates the starting point for translation to produce a polypeptide.
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RNA Polymerase
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A polymerase that catalyzes the synthesis of RNA
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Promoter |
A site in a DNA molecule at which RNA polymerase and transcription factors bind to initiate transcription of mRNA.
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