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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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acid precipitation
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Rain, snow, or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6.
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adhesion
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The attraction between different kinds of molecules.
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aqueous solution
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A solution in which water is the solvent.
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buffer
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A solution in which water is the solvent.
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calorie (cal)
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calorie (cal)
The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C; also the amount of heat energy that 1 g of water releases when it cools by 1°C. The Calorie (with a capital C), usually used to indicate the energy content of food, is a kilocalorie. |
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Celsius scale
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A temperature scale (°C) equal to 5/9 (°F 232) that measures the freezing point of water at 0°C and the boiling point of water at 100°C.
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cohesion
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The binding together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds.
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evaporative cooling
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evaporative cooling
The property of a liquid whereby the surface becomes cooler during evaporation, owing to a loss of highly kinetic molecules to the gaseous state. |
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heat of vaporization
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heat of vaporization
The quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 gram of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state. |
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heat
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The total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. Heat is energy in its most random form.
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hydration shell
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The sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion.
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hydrogen ion
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hydrogen ion
A single proton with a charge of +1. The dissociation of a water molecule (H2O) leads to the generation of a hydroxide ion (OH-) and a hydrogen ion (H+). |
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hydrophillic
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Having an affinity for water
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hydrophobic
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Having an aversion to water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water.
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hydroxide ion
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A water molecule that lost a proton.
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joule (J)
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A unit of energy: 1 J=50.239 cal; 1 cal=54.184 J.
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kilocalorie (kcal)
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kilocalorie (kcal)
A thousand calories; the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C. |
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kinetic energy
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The energy of motion, which is directly related to the speed of that motion. Moving matter does work by imparting motion to other matter.
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molarity
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molarity
A common measure of solute concentration, referring to the number of moles of solute in 1 L of solution. |
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mole (mol)
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The number (mol) of grams of a substance that equals its molecular weight in daltons and contains Avogadro's number of molecules.
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molecular weight
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The sum of the weights of all the atoms in a molecule.
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pH
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pH
A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to –log [H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14. |
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polar molecule
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A molecule (such as water) with opposite charges on opposite sides.
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solute
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A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
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solution
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A homogeneous, liquid mixture of two or more substances.
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solvent
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The dissolving agent of a solution. Water is the most versatile solvent known.
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specific heat
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specific heat
The amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 gram of a substance to change its temperature by 1°C. |
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surface tension
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surface tension
A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. Water has a high surface tension because of the hydrogen bonding of surface molecules. |
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temperature
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temperature
A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees, reflecting the average kinetic energy of the molecules. |
