California Midterm 2

Front 1

Xenophobia

Back 1

The fear of other races. Led to lots of racism in United States. In California, it was taken out against Blacks (Gordon Chase), Hispanics (Baditos), Natives (paid killings), and Asian populations.

Front 2

Nativism

Back 2

Public policy should favor the Native born instead of the immigrant. Big deal when discussing Chinese immigration in California.

Front 3

Murder of Gordon Chase

Back 3

1852; Chase was black SF barber. White man stole from his sisters shop, Chase chases the white man, white man goes to Chase's shop and shoots him, arrested and put on trial. Witness (Cowels, mulatto) cannot testify because of the Testimony Law of 1850. Cowels dismissed and murderer went free.

Front 4

Testimony Law of 1850

Back 4

No black, mulatto, or native can testify in favor or against a white man. 1/16th in mulatto. Important in murder of Gordon Chase.

Front 5

San Francisco Franchise League

Back 5

Black organization that hired lawyers and had petitions to repeal the Testimony Law. 1863 blacks could give testimony but natives could not. 1872 totally repealed.

Front 6

Juanita of Downville

Back 6

1851. Mexican woman who lived with her miner husband. Another drunk miner tried to rape her and she stabbed him in self defense. She was arrested and ordered to be hung. Jumped off bridge herself out of shame. Example of Mexican Whore stereotype in early California.

Front 7

Joaquin Murieta

Back 7

1853; example of Mexican Bandit stereotype. He started a huge crime wave but nobody actually witnessed. State legislature gave large reward for hispanic man named Juanquin. Harry Love found someone named Juanquin +3 finger jack, cut off the head and had it pickled. The head was destroyed in the 1906 earthquake.

Front 8

Land Law of 1851

Back 8

All Californios holding land grants had to go before Board of Land Commissioners within 2 years to prove they held title to the land. This was in response to squatters demanding they owned the grantees land. Most of the land ended up in the hands of lawyers. 17 years for average case.

Front 9

Board of Land Commissioners

Back 9

3 Amercian judges who decided whether the Californios held title to their land. 800 cases, 600 favored californios.

Front 10

An Act for the Government and Protection of Indians

Back 10

Passed 1850. Had three parts: Vagrancy Clause, Bail out clause, and Apprentice Clause. Essentially turned Natives into a slave class.

Front 11

Vagrancy Clause

Back 11

Part of An Act for the Government and Protection of Indians. A Native walking around in idleness could be arrested.

Front 12

Bail Out Clause

Back 12

Part of An Act for the Government and Protection of Indians. If a native had been arrested, a rancher could bail them out and they had to work for the rancher until the rancher was satisfied.

Front 13

Apprentice Clause

Back 13

Part of An Act for the Government and Protection of Indians. An Indian mother could apprentice her children to a white land holder. The children were used as servants until they were 18 if a woman and 20 if a man.

Front 14

Theodore Judah

Back 14

An engineer who wanted to build a RR between Sacramento and Fulsome. Discovered that you could build through the Sierras but needed funding. Ended up getting $600 each from The Big Four. Got 200 million back.

Front 15

The Big Four

Back 15

Ran the railroad in Central Pacific RR in CA. Colis P Huntington, Charles Crocker, Mark Hopkins, and Leland Stanford.

Front 16

Colis P Huntington

Back 16

Led the Big Four. He acted as puppet master in the Vice President position of the RR. Most hated man in CA.

Front 17

Charles Crocker

Back 17

Actually constructed the RR. Biggest of the Big 4. Charles Crocker Construction Company.

Front 18

Mark Hopkins

Back 18

Treasurer of the Big 4. Accountant. Had mansion on Nob Hill that was destroyed in the 1906 earthquake.

Front 19

Leland Stanford

Back 19

President of the RR. Governor and Senator of CA. Found Stanford University.

Front 20

Pacific Railroad Acts of 1862 and 1864

Back 20

The Federal Government gave RRs low interest loans based on how much track they laid. Also supported massive land grants (20 miles of each side of the track) Became largest land holders in US.

Front 21

Battle of Mussel Slogh

Back 21

Riot at Mussel Slough over RRs selling farmers land out from under them. Had promised to sell land for 2.50 an acre in central valley, but then decided to sell for more because land was improved. 7 died, but RR eventually came down in price.

Front 22

Foreign Miner's Tax of 1852

Back 22

$3 a month tax on Chinese. Designed to make money. Companies would pay and then add money to Chinese worker's tickets. In 1870s the economy tanked, chinese were blamed because they worked too hard.

Front 23

Dennis Kearney

Back 23

Guy who rallied the working class, attacked corporations, and blamed problems on Chinese and Railroads. Formed the Workingman's Party of CA.

Front 24

Workingman's Party of California

Back 24

Formed by Dennis Kearney. "The Chinese must go". Tried to harass they Chinese so they would leave.

Front 25

Breathing Space Ordinance

Back 25

Everyone in an apartment had to have 500 cubic feet of breathing space. Chinese lived in small apartments and sometimes would get raided by police.

Front 26

Queue Ordinace

Back 26

Anyone who was arrested would have their queue cut off. Gangs formed to cut off queues and the police looked the other way.

Front 27

Laundry Cart Ordinance

Back 27

If you worked in the laundry business and didn't have a horse you were forced to pay $60/year. Chinese usually did not have horses and were forced out of business.

Front 28

Pole Ordinace

Back 28

A law that said it was illegal to carry things on pole. Overturned in the Supreme Court.

Front 29

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

Back 29

US gov forbid immigration of Chinese workers into US. Only affected Chinese that could compete with white workers. 1902 made permanent until 1943. Had to find merchant to import you as a paper son.

Front 30

Progressivism

Back 30

Started around 1900. Wanted to make changes and looked back to what America "used to be".
4 Goals:
1) Correct obvious abuses of power
2) Strengthen the state
3) clean up politics (boss system) Fire hydrants in SF during fire used as example.
4) Rescue the poor (prohibition grew out of this)
Hiram Johnson:elected as progressive governor of CA.

Front 31

Muckraking

Back 31

A technique used by progressives that brought problems to light and then passed laws to fix them

Front 32

Public Utilities Commission

Back 32

Progressive economic law. Determined how much people can charge for utilities. Headed by 3 people 2, bribed, 1 disappeared. Eventually go its act together and started regulating RRs

Front 33

Recall

Back 33

If elected officials are no good then 6% can sign a petition and they can be recalled. It then goes to the ballet.

Front 34

Referendum

Back 34

Recall for a law. 6% for petition, then goes to the ballet.

Front 35

Initiative

Back 35

Voters get to make up their own laws. 6% has to sign petition before ballet.

Front 36

Prohibiton

Back 36

Example of social progressive reform. Headed by women's groups.

Front 37

California's Peculiar Institution

Back 37

Used to describe immigrant workers in CA and alludes to slavery in the south. Termed by Carey McWilliams, migrant workers were slave class.
7 reasons why:
1) Non-white aliens, not protected by constitution
2) Poverty stricken
3) Moved around a lot
4) Unskilled labor with a surplus of workers
5) Unions hostile to farm workers
6) Growers very hostile to workers.

Front 38

Industrial Workers of the World

Back 38

IWW, Wobblies
1) supported farm workers
2) small but struck fear into capitalists
3) had charter "The working class and the employing class have nothing in common
4) mostly communist
5) Led by Big Bill Haywood
6) wanted everyone to join
7) Wildcat stikes : no working, sudden sitdown

Front 39

Durst Brother's Wheatland Hops Ranch Riot of 1913.

Back 39

A riot that happened because the Durst Brothers sent fliers around CA promising high wages, guaranteed employment, and nice camping facilities. All of these were lies. IWW came in and started a riot, 5 people and 3 police killed, national guard called in, 2 leaders arrested and sentenced to life in prison.

Front 40

Criminal Syndicalism Act of 1919

Back 40

Said that it was against the law to belong to and organization that accepted violence as a mean to political change. Killed the IWW. Overturned by the black panthers.

Front 41

Distribution of Wealth

Back 41

1929 1% owned 60% of all wealther. 87% shared 12%. No middle class, all wealth at top. 60% of families below the poverty line.

Front 42

New Deal

Back 42

Plan by FDR to fix the American Economy. Strarted with National Industrial Recovery Act

Front 43

National Industrial Recovery Act 7A

Back 43

Workers could organize and bargain collectively.

Front 44

Wagner Act

Back 44

Makes it permanent law that workers could organize and bargain collectively

Front 45

International Longshoreman's Association

Back 45

Power union, went on strike in 1934 and paralyzed west coast shipping. Owners tried to break the strike, but they formed a picket line.

Front 46

Bloody Thursday

Back 46

Ship owners got frat boys from Berkeley to break Longshoreman's picket line. 2 dead, 60 hurt. National guard called in. July 11th, everyone walked off the job. San Francisco shutdown for 4 days. Agreed to binding Federal Law: ILA the bargaining unit, 6 hour work day, wage increase, hiring hauls.