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201 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Didelphis virginiana (opossum)
*only didelphidae: small bullae; polyprotodont; 5/4 incisors skin: gray/white-brown pelage; pouch; scaly tail skull: 5/4 Incisors; sagittal crest, upside-down heart shaped first b premolar |
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Didelphis virginiana (opossum)
*only didelphidae: small bullae; polyprotodont; 5/4 incisors skin: gray/white-brown pelage; pouch; scaly tail skull: 5/4 Incisors; sagittal crest, upside-down heart shaped first b premolar |
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Physeter catodon (sperm whale)
skin: large, square head |
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Balaenoptera sp. (blue, sei, fin, minke whale)
skin: many furrows; short, thick baleen |
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Phocoena phocoena (harbor porpoise)
skin: dolphin without chin/beak |
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Orcinus orca (killer whale)
skin: really? |
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Eschrichtius robustus (gray whale)
skin: few furrows; no dorsal fin; spotty gray and white usually covered with barnacles |
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Eubalaena glacialis (northern right whale)
skin: huge baleen; no dorsal fin; arched mouth, large and black, usually with white spots and/or barnacles |
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Scapanus (some moles)
*thin, complete zygomatic arch; super flat skull skull: 11 lower teeth; thin, complete zygomatic arch; very flat |
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Scapanus townsendii (Townsend's mole)
*thin, complete zygomatic arch; super flat skull skin: 'hands;' larger; dark brown/black fur; nearly-naked tail |
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Scapanus latimanus (broad-footed mole)
*thin, complete zygomatic arch; super flat skull skin: medium; coffee colored fur; furred tail |
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Neurotrichus gibbsii (American shrew-mole)
*thin, complete zygomatic arch; super flat skull skin: smallest; longish tail; shrew face; uniform dark fur skull: tiny; 8-9 lower teeth |
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Neurotrichus gibbsii (American shrew-mole)
*thin, complete zygomatic arch; super flat skull skin: smallest; longish tail; shrew face; uniform dark fur skull: tiny; 8-9 lower teeth |
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Sorex (some shrews)
*1st incisor accessory cusp; base-rounded arrow shape; no zygomatic arch skull: 5 upper unicuspid teeth |
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Notiosorex crawfordi (desert shrew)
*1st incisor accessory cusp; base-rounded arrow shape; no zygomatic arch skin: small; unicolored tail; gray color; brown feet skull: 3 upper unicuspid teeth |
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Notiosorex crawfordi (desert shrew)
*1st incisor accessory cusp; base-rounded arrow shape; no zygomatic arch skin: small; unicolored tail; gray color; brown feet skull: 3 upper unicuspid teeth |
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Sorex palustris (water shrew)
skin: larger; dark color; feet with stiff white hair fringe |
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Sorex sonomae (fog shrew)
skin: red color |
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Sorex vagrans (vagrant shrew)
skin: smaller; dark color; bicolored tail; orange feet |
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Eumops perotis (western mastiff bat)
*free tail; 1 pair upper incisors skin: ears joined at tips skull: 1 pair upper incisor; joined premaxilla |
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Eumops perotis (western mastiff bat)
*free tail; 1 pair upper incisors skin: ears joined at tips skull: 1 pair upper incisor; joined premaxilla |
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Tadarida brasiliensis (Brazilian free-tail bat)
*free tail; 1 pair upper incisors skin: chocolate color; free tail skull: 1 pair upper incisors; 5 upper cheekteeth; longer rostrum |
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Tadarida brasiliensis (Brazilian free-tail bat)
*free tail; 1 pair upper incisors skin: chocolate color; free tail skull: 1 upper incisors; 5 upper cheekteeth; longer rostrum |
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Macrotus californicus (California leaf-nosed bat)
*only phyllostomidae: 2 upper incisors; premaxilla not split; small tragus skin: light fur; short tail skull: joined premaxilla; 2 upper incisors |
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Macrotus californicus (California leaf-nosed bat)
*only phyllostomidae: 2 upper incisors; premaxilla not split; small tragus skin: light fur; short, free tail skull: joined premaxilla; 2 upper incisors |
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Antrozous pallidus (Pallid bat)
*split premaxilla; large tragus; long, enclosed tail skin: buff color; long, enclosed tail skull: 1 pair upper incisors; ridges on snout |
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Antrozous pallidus (Pallid bat)
*split premaxilla; large tragus; long, enclosed tail skin: buff color; long ears skull: 1 pair upper incisors; ridges on snout |
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Corynorhinus townsendii (Townsend's long-eared bat)
*split premaxilla; large tragus; long, enclosed tail skin: joined ears skull: 2 upper incisors; 5/6 cheekteeth; no nasal depression |
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Corynorhinus townsendii (Townsend's long-eared bat)
*split premaxilla; large tragus; long, enclosed tail skin: joined ears skull: 2 upper incisors; 5/6 cheekteeth; no nasal depression |
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Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat)
*split premaxilla; large tragus; long, enclosed tail skin: brown fur, black membrane; dog face skull: 2 upper incisors; 4 upper cheekteeth |
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Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat)
*split premaxilla; large tragus; long, enclosed tail skin: brown fur, black membrane; dog face skull: 2 upper incisors; 4 upper cheekteeth |
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Lasionycteris noctivagans (silver-haired bat)
*split premaxilla; large tragus; long, enclosed tail skin: dark brown color; white-tipped fur skull: 2 upper incisors; 5/6 cheekteeth; nare depression |
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Lasionycteris noctivagans (silver-haired bat)
*split premaxilla; large tragus; long, enclosed tail skin: dark brown color; white-tipped fur skull: 2 upper incisors; 5/6 cheekteeth; nare depression |
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Lasiurus
*split premaxilla; large tragus; long, enclosed tail skull: wider>longer rostrum; 1 upper incisor |
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Lasiurus blossevillii (western red bat)
*split premaxilla; large tragus; long, enclosed tail skin: red fur |
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Lasiurus cinereus (hoary bat)
*split premaxilla; large tragus; long, enclosed tail skin: brown fur with frosty-white tips |
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Myotis sp.
*split premaxilla; large tragus; long, enclosed tail skin: small; dark color skull: 2 upper incisors; 6 upper cheekteeth |
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Myotis sp.
*split premaxilla; large tragus; long, enclosed tail skin: small; dark color skull: 2 upper incisors; 6 upper cheekteeth |
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Parastrellus hesperus (western pipistrelle)
*split premaxilla; large tragus; long, enclosed tail skin: light/gray fur, dark brown membrane; small skull: 2 upper incisors; 5/5 cheekteeth (1 tiny upper) --> my favorite bat :D <-- |
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*Need picture: smallest skull
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Parastrellus hesperus (western pipistrelle)
*split premaxilla; large tragus; long, enclosed tail skin: light/gray fur, dark brown membrane; small skull: smallest skull; 2 upper incisors; 5/5 cheekteeth; nare depression --> my favorite bat :D <-- |
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Euderma maculatum (spotted bat)
*split premaxilla; large tragus; long, enclosed tail skin: spotted fur skull: |
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*skull:
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Euderma maculatum (spotted bat)
*split premaxilla; large tragus; long, enclosed tail skin: spotted fur skull: 2 upper incisors; 5/5 cheekteeth; no nasal depression |
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Canis latrans (coyote)
*long, narrow rostrum; alisphenoid canal present; last molar long inwardly skin: think you got this. skull: biggest dog skull, ‘Y’ temporal ridge. |
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Canis latrans (coyote)
*long, narrow rostrum; alisphenoid canal present; last molar long inwardly skin: think you got this. skull: biggest dog skull, ‘Y’ temporal ridge. |
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Urocyon cinereoargenteus (common gray fox)
*long, narrow rostrum; alisphenoid canal present; last molar long inwardly skin: gray fox skull: lyre-shaped temporal ridge |
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Urocyon cinereoargenteus (common gray fox)
*long, narrow rostrum; alisphenoid canal present; last molar long inwardly skin: gray fox skull: lyre-shaped temporal ridge |
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Vulpes macrotis (kit fox)
*long, narrow rostrum; alisphenoid canal present; last molar long inwardly skin: buff colored fox skull: no temporal ridge |
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Vulpes macrotis (kit fox)
*long, narrow rostrum; alisphenoid canal present; last molar long inwardly skin: buff colored fox skull: no temporal ridge |
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Vulpes vulpes (red fox)
*long, narrow rostrum; alisphenoid canal present; last molar long inwardly skin: red fox skull: ‘v’ shaped temporal ridge |
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Vulpes vulpes (red fox)
*long, narrow rostrum; alisphenoid canal present; last molar long inwardly skin: red fox skull: ‘v’ shaped temporal ridge |
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Puma concolor (puma)
*looks like a primate skull with carnivore teeth skin: it’s the big freakin’ cat skull: larger; 3 upper premolars |
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Puma concolor (puma)
*looks like a primate skull with carnivore teeth skin: it’s the big freakin’ cat skull: larger; 3 upper premolars |
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Lynx rufus (bobcat)
*looks like a primate skull with carnivore teeth skin: The smaller one skull: smaller; 2 upper premolars |
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Lynx rufus (bobcat)
*looks like a primate skull with carnivore teeth skin: The smaller one skull: smaller; 2 upper premolars |
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Enhydra lutris (sea otter)
*lock jaw; carnivore skin: larger; thick, unicolor fur skull: complete lock jaw; stout skull |
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Enhydra lutris (sea otter)
*lock jaw; carnivore skin: larger; thick, unicolor fur skull: complete lock jaw; stout skull |
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Gulo gulo (wolverine)
*lock jaw; carnivore skin: not part of the x-men skull: complete lock jaw; not rounded |
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Gulo gulo (wolverine)
*lock jaw; carnivore skin: not part of the x-men skull: complete lock jaw; not rounded |
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Lontra canadensis (northern river otter)
*lock jaw; carnivore skin: smaller; light chin skull: smooth; flattened |
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Lontra canadensis (northern river otter)
*lock jaw; carnivore skin: smaller; light chin skull: smooth; flattened |
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Martes caurina (Pacific marten)
*lock jaw; carnivore skin: light brown color; black paws; fluffy tail |
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Pekania pennanti (Fisher)
*lock jaw; carnivore skin: largest ‘weasel;’ dark color |
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Mustela (some weasels)
*lock jaw; carnivore skull: long auditory bullae; derpy-dumbell upper molar |
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Mustela erminea (Ermine, short-tailed weasel)
*lock jaw; carnivore skin: weasel without mask; white belly or completely white |
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Mustela erminea (Ermine, short-tailed weasel)
*lock jaw; carnivore skin: no mask; short tail; white belly (winter: white with black tip) |
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Mustela frenata (long-tailed weasel)
*lock jaw; carnivore skin: orange/yellow belly; face 'mask;' long tail (winter: white with black tip) |
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Mustela frenata (long-tailed weasel)
*lock jaw; carnivore skin: orange/yellow belly; face 'mask;' long tail (winter: white with black tip) |
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Neovison vison (mink)
*lock jaw; carnivore skin: dark unicolor; skinny tail skull: sagittal crest and mastoid process prominent |
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Neovison vison (mink)
*lock jaw; carnivore skin: dark unicolor; skinny tail skull: sagittal crest and mastoid process prominent |
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Taxidea taxus (American badger)
*lock jaw; carnivore skin: Taxidea taxus takes what it wants skull: long palate, triangular skull |
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Taxidea taxus (American badger)
*lock jaw; carnivore skin: Taxidea taxus takes what it wants skull: long palate, triangular skull |
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Mephitis mephitis (striped skunk)
*last upper molar is very square skin: striped skull: larger; mastoid process extends outwards |
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Mephitis mephitis (striped skunk)
*last upper molar is very square skin: striped skull: larger; mastoid process extends outwards |
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Spilogale gracilis (western spotted skunk)
*last upper molar is very square skin: banded/spotted skull: smaller; almost no mastoid process |
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Spilogale gracilis (western spotted skunk)
*last upper molar is very square skin: banded/spotted skull: smaller; almost no mastoid process |
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Bassariscus astutus (ringtail [raccoon])
*weak carnassials, 6 cheekteeth skin: smaller; buff color skull: palate stops at last tooth |
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Bassariscus astutus (ringtail [raccoon])
*weak carnassials, 6 cheekteeth skin: smaller; buff color skull: palate stops at last tooth |
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Procyon lotor (northern raccoon)
*weak carnassials, 6 cheekteeth skin: ‘typical’ raccoon skull: palate extends past teeth |
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Procyon lotor (northern raccoon)
*weak carnassials, 6 cheekteeth skin: ‘typical’ raccoon skull: palate extends past teeth |
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Ursus americanus (American black bear)
*only ursidae: weak carnassials, bunodont teeth |
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Ursus americanus (American black bear)
*only ursidae: weak carnassials, bunodont teeth |
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Eumetopias jubatus (Steller’s sea lion)
*singled-cusped ‘peg’ teeth; external ears skin: external ears; fuzzy; predominantly brown |
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Zalophus californianus (California sea lion)
*singled-cusped ‘peg’ teeth; external ears skin: external ears; smooth skin; predominantly black |
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Mirounga angustirostris (northern elephant seal)
*double-cusped ‘peg’ teeth skin: males have fat nose (proboscis); females have flattened snout |
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Mirounga angustirostris (northern elephant seal)
*double-cusped ‘peg’ teeth skin: males have fat nose (proboscis); females have flattened snout |
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Phoca vitulina (harbor seal)
*double-cusped ‘peg’ teeth skin: spotted |
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Ochotona princeps (pika)
*only ochotonidae: Tiny 2nd pair of incisors behind first; ‘^’ shaped bottom of front teeth; no supraorbital process skin/skull: it’s a pika… |
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Ochotona princeps (pika)
*only ochotonidae: Tiny 2nd pair of incisors behind first; ‘^’ shaped bottom of front teeth; no supraorbital process skin/skull: it’s a pika… |
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Lepus (hares)
*Tiny 2nd pair of incisors behind first; flat bottom of front teeth; supraorbital process skull: rectangular supraoccipital shield; huge orbits |
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Lepus americanus (snowshoe hare)
*Tiny 2nd pair of incisors behind first; flat bottom of front teeth; supraorbital process skin: short ears; white or brown fur; tiny tail |
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Lepus americanus (snowshoe hare)
*Tiny 2nd pair of incisors behind first; flat bottom of front teeth; supraorbital process skin: short ears; white or brown fur; tiny tail |
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Lepus californicus (black-tailed jackrabbit)
*Tiny 2nd pair of incisors behind first; flat bottom of front teeth; supraorbital process skin: long ears; tail black on top, gray on bottom; tiny tail |
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Sylvilagus (bunnies)
*Tiny 2nd pair of incisors behind first; flat bottom of front teeth; supraorbital process skull: supraoccipital square |
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Sylvilagus audubonii (Audubon’s cottontail)
*Tiny 2nd pair of incisors behind first; flat bottom of front teeth; supraorbital process skin: smaller ears/feet; bare ears; furry (not wooly); prominent tail |
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Sylvilagus bachmani (brush rabbit)
*Tiny 2nd pair of incisors behind first; flat bottom of front teeth; supraorbital process skin: smallest; white feet; dark body; bare ears |
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Sylvilagus nuttallii (mountain cottontail)
*Tiny 2nd pair of incisors behind first; flat bottom of front teeth; supraorbital process skin: large, poofy tail; furry ears; grayer |
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Equus (horse-ish)
*only equidae: long rostrum; awkward large mandible; prominent nasals skull: equidae skull |
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Equus asinus (burro)
*long rostrum; awkward large mandible; prominent nasals skin: donkey-horse |
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Equus caballus (feral horse)
*long rostrum; awkward large mandible; prominent nasals skin: horse… |
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Antilocapra americana (pronghorns)
*only antilocapridae: pronghorns Skin/skull: pronghorns |
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Antilocapra americana (pronghorns)
*only antilocapridae: pronghorns Skin/skull: pronghorns |
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Bison bison (American bison)
*(usually) horns for both genders; 2 holes on brow angled sideways (from front view) skin: BIG FUZZY BISON skull: BIG |
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Bison bison (American bison)
*(usually) horns for both genders; 2 holes on brow angled sideways (from front view) skin: BIG FUZZY BISON skull: BIG |
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Ovis canadensis (bighorn sheep)
*(usually) horns for both genders; 2 holes on brow angled sideways (from front view) skin/skull: big brown sheep with curvy horns (bigger on males) |
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Ovis canadensis (bighorn sheep)
*(usually) horns for both genders; 2 holes on brow angled sideways (from front view) skin/skull: big brown sheep with curvy horns (bigger on males) |
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Ovis canadensis (bighorn sheep)
*(usually) horns for both genders; 2 holes on brow angled sideways (from front view) skin/skull: big brown sheep with curvy horns (bigger on males) |
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Ovis canadensis (bighorn sheep)
*(usually) horns for both genders; 2 holes on brow angled sideways (from front view) skin/skull: big brown sheep with curvy horns (bigger on males) |
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Oreamnos americanus (mountain goat)
*(usually) horns for both genders; 2 holes on brow angled sideways (from front view) skin: fuzzy white goat skull: black, slender horn sheaths |
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Oreamnos americanus (mountain goat)
*(usually) horns for both genders; 2 holes on brow angled sideways (from front view) skin: fuzzy white goat skull: black, slender horn sheaths |
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Cervus elaphus (elk)
*2 holes on brow angled straight down; antlers skin: red; males have large antlers; very furry/fuzzy neck skull: long nasals and antlers |
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Cervus elaphus (elk)
*2 holes on brow angled straight down; antlers skin: red; males have large antlers; very furry/fuzzy neck skull: long nasals and antlers |
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Cervus elaphus (elk)
*2 holes on brow angled straight down; antlers skin: red; males have large antlers; very furry/fuzzy neck skull: long nasals and antlers |
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Cervus elaphus (elk)
*2 holes on brow angled straight down; antlers skin: red; males have large antlers; very furry/fuzzy neck skull: long nasals and antlers |
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Sus scrofa (feral hog)
*only suidae: long paraoccipital process; ‘Y’ shaped occipital crest bump skin: it’s a pig skull: ‘Y’-shaped occipital crest bump |
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Sus scrofa (feral hog)
*only suidae: long paraoccipital process; ‘Y’ shaped occipital crest bump skin: it’s a pig skull: ‘Y’-shaped occipital crest bump |
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Odocoileus (black or white-tailed deer)
*2 holes on brow angled straight down; antlers skull: dichotomous branched antlers |
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Odocoileus hemionus (black-tailed deer, mule deer)
*2 holes on brow angled straight down; antlers skin: grayish; short white to black tails skull (males only): dichotomous branched antlers |
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Odocoileus hemionus (black-tailed deer, mule deer)
*2 holes on brow angled straight down; antlers skin: grayish; short white to black tails skull (males only): dichotomous branched antlers |
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Odocoileus virginianus (white-tailed deer)
*2 holes on brow angled straight down; antlers skin: brownish; long, ventrally white tails skull (males only): only branched from main stem |
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Odocoileus virginianus (white-tailed deer)
*2 holes on brow angled straight down; antlers skin: brownish; long, ventrally white tails skull (males only): only branched from main stem |
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Alces alces (moose)
*2 holes on brow angled straight down; antlers skin: largest cervidae; wide antlers in males skull: largest cervidae; wide antlers in males; short nasals |
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Alces alces (moose)
*2 holes on brow angled straight down; antlers skin: largest cervidae; wide antlers in males skull: largest cervidae; wide antlers in males; short nasals |
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Alces alces (moose)
*2 holes on brow angled straight down; antlers skin: largest cervidae; wide antlers in males skull: largest cervidae; wide antlers in males; short nasals |
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Rangifer tarandus (caribou)
*2 holes on brow angled straight down; antlers skin: huge dichotomous-branched antler (smaller in females); white neck tuft skull: shallow nasolacrimal gap; large dichotomously branching antlers (smaller in females) |
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Rangifer tarandus (caribou)
*2 holes on brow angled straight down; antlers skin: huge dichotomous-branched antler (smaller in females); white neck tuft skull: shallow nasolacrimal gap; large dichotomously branching antlers (smaller in females) |
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Rangifer tarandus (caribou)
*2 holes on brow angled straight down; antlers skin: huge dichotomous-branched antler (smaller in females); white neck tuft skull: shallow nasolacrimal gap; large dichotomously branching antlers (smaller in females) |
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Aplodontia rufa (mountain beaver)
*only aplodontidae: apple-shaped teeth skin: dense, dark fur; stub tail skull: apple teeth |
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Aplodontia rufa (mountain beaver)
*only aplodontidae: apple-shaped teeth skin: dense, dark fur; stub tail skull: apple teeth |
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Castor canadensis (American beaver)
*only castoridae: thumb-sized depression between auditory bullae (in basioccipital) skin: makes dams skull: thumb depression in basioccipital |
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Castor canadensis (American beaver)
*only castoridae: thumb-sized depression between auditory bullae (in basioccipital) skin: makes dams skull: thumb depression in basioccipital |
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Erethizon dorsatum (porcupine)
*only erethizontidae: flat, long braincase; bat-shaped teeth; spines that go to head; very little hair skin: spikey one skull: orange, bat-shaped teeth |
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Erethizon dorsatum (porcupine)
*only erethizontidae: flat, long braincase; bat-shaped teeth; spines that go to head; very little hair skin: spikey one skull: orange, bat-shaped teeth |
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Sigmodon hispidus (Hispid cotton rat)
*only sigmodontinae: ‘S’-shaped teeth skin: ‘fuzzy’ fur; naked, short tail skull: |
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Sigmodon hispidus (Hispid cotton rat)
*only sigmodontinae: ‘S’-shaped teeth skin: ‘fuzzy’ fur; naked, short tail skull: |
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Mus musculus (house mouse)
*’S’-shaped teeth skin: unicolored body; naked front feet; naked tail; small skull: tiny; notch in upper incisors |
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Mus musculus (house mouse)
*’S’-shaped teeth skin: unicolored body; naked front feet; naked tail; small skull: tiny; notch in upper incisors |
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Rattus (rats)
*’S’-shaped teeth skull: large teeth; prominent temporal ridge |
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Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
*’S’-shaped teeth skin: large rat; rough, dirty-brown fur; nearly naked tail |
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Rattus rattus (black rat)
*’S’-shaped teeth skin: smaller rat; darker; naked tail |
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Zapus (jumping mice)
*only dipodidae: large infraorbital foramen; no zygomatic plate; ‘8’ shape premolars skull: only dipodidae |
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Zapus princeps (western jumping mouse)
*large infraorbital foramen; no zygomatic plate; ‘8’ shape premolars skin: red cheeks; bare-ish feet |
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Zapus trinotatus (Pacific jumping mouse)
*large infraorbital foramen; no zygomatic plate; ‘8’ shape premolars skin: darker sides; furry feet |
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Ammospermophilus leucurus (antelope ground squirrel)
*slit-like infraorbital foramen; postorbital process/spine skin: small; white stripes on sides skull: orbits pinch in then fan out |
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Ammospermophilus leucurus (antelope ground squirrel)
*slit-like infraorbital foramen; postorbital process/spine skin: small; white stripes on sides skull: orbits pinch in then fan out |
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Glaucomys sabrinus (northern flying squirrel)
*slit-like infraorbital foramen; postorbital process/spine skin: squirrel with ‘wings’ skull: peg tooth looks fused to next cheek tooth; terragoid processes almost connect to bullae and make a shallow curve in shape |
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Glaucomys sabrinus (northern flying squirrel)
*slit-like infraorbital foramen; postorbital process/spine skin: squirrel with ‘wings’ skull: peg tooth looks fused to next cheek tooth; terragoid processes almost connect to bullae and makes a shallow curve in shape |
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Marmota flaviventris (marmot)
*slit-like infraorbital foramen; postorbital process/spine skin: fat; tail; yellow belly skull: like a beaver skull without the basioccipital thumb depression; no depression between orbits |
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Marmota flaviventris (marmot)
*slit-like infraorbital foramen; postorbital process/spine skin: fat; tail; yellow belly skull: like a beaver skull without the basioccipital thumb depression; no depression between orbits |
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Sciurus carolinensis (eastern gray squirrel) OR Sciurus griseus (western gray squirrel)
*slit-like infraorbital foramen; postorbital process/spine skull: 5 cheekteeth, first is a peg tooth |
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Sciurus carolinensis (eastern gray squirrel)
*slit-like infraorbital foramen; postorbital process/spine skin: red and grey color (look at feet) |
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Sciurus griseus (western gray squirrel)
*slit-like infraorbital foramen; postorbital process/spine skin: gray color only (look at feet) |
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Sciurus niger (fox squirrel)
*slit-like infraorbital foramen; postorbital process/spine skin: red color only (look at feet) skull: 4 cheekteeth, no peg |
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Sciurus niger (fox squirrel)
*slit-like infraorbital foramen; postorbital process/spine skin: red color only (look at feet) skull: 4 cheekteeth, no peg |
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Otospermophilus beecheyi (California ground squirrel)
*slit-like infraorbital foramen; postorbital process/spine skin: patchy white and dark brown fur |
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Urocitellus beldingi (Belding’s ground squirrel)
*slit-like infraorbital foramen; postorbital process/spine skin: tail slightly longer than feet; dark brown back with light sides |
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Callospermophilus lateralis (golden-mantled ground squirrel)
*slit-like infraorbital foramen; postorbital process/spine skin: like chipmunk without head stripes |
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Tamias (chipmunks)
*slit-like infraorbital foramen; postorbital process/spine skull: tiny postorbital process; infraorbital foramen like holes |
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Tamias amoenus (yellow-pine chipmunk)
*slit-like infraorbital foramen; postorbital process/spine skin: reddist chipmunk |
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Tamias minimus (least chipmunk)
*slit-like infraorbital foramen; postorbital process/spine skin: smallest and lightest chipmunk |
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Tamias senex (shadow chipmunk)
*slit-like infraorbital foramen; postorbital process/spine skin: largest and darkest chipmunk |
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Tamiasciurus douglasii (Douglas’s squirrel)
*slit-like infraorbital foramen; postorbital process/spine skin: dark back with black stripe and buff belly skull: 3 internal septa visible in auditory bullae |
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Tamiasciurus douglasii (Douglas’s squirrel)
*slit-like infraorbital foramen; postorbital process/spine skin: dark back with black stripe and buff belly skull: 3 internal septa visible in auditory bullae |
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Thomomys (pocket gophers)
*only geomidae: deep post-palatal pits; ‘8’-shaped premolars skin: pocket gopher-y |
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Thomomys bottae (Botta’s pocket gopher)
*deep post-palatal pits; ‘8’-shaped premolars skull: bigger; large crevice instead of a hole in inner orbital (sphenoidal fissure); huge side mandibular processes |
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Thomomys talpoides (northern pocket gopher)
*deep post-palatal pits; ‘8’-shaped premolars skull: smaller; no sphernoidal fissure (just a hole in inner orbital) |
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Dipodomys (large kangaroo rats)
*hole through rostrum; nasals extend past incisors skull: enlarge auditory bullae; rostral portion of zygomatic arch flat/plate |
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Dipodomys californicus (California kangaroo rat)
*hole through rostrum; nasals extend past incisors skin: dark; ‘skunk’ tail coloring |
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Dipodomys deserti (desert kangaroo rat)
*hole through rostrum; nasals extend past incisors skin: largest; buff color; white tail |
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Dipodomys merriami (Merriam’s kangaroo rat)
*hole through rostrum; nasals extend past incisors skin: buff color; brown tail |
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Microdipodops megacephalus (dark kangaroo rat)
*hole through rostrum; nasals extend past incisors skin: smallest; very soft skull: smallest; large auditory bullae |
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Microdipodops megacephalus (dark kangaroo rat)
*hole through rostrum; nasals extend past incisors skin: smallest; very soft skull: smallest; large auditory bullae |
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Chaetodipus (some pocket mice)
*hole through rostrum; nasals extend past incisors skull: interparietal width > foramen magnum width Perognathus (some pocket mice) *hole through rostrum; nasals extend past incisors skull: interparietal width ~ foramen magnum |
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Chaetodipus formoscus (long-tailed pocket mouse)
*hole through rostrum; nasals extend past incisors skin: buff; soft/smooth butt fur |
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Chaetodipus spinatus (spiny pocket mouse)
*hole through rostrum; nasals extend past incisors skin: buff; spiny butt fur |
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Perognathus longimembris (little pocket mouse)
*hole through rostrum; nasals extend past incisors skin: tiny (body size of thumb); long tail |
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Perognathus parvus (Great Basin pocket mouse)
*hole through rostrum; nasals extend past incisors skin: dark color |
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Arborimus pomo (Sonoma red tree vole)
*’Christmas tree’-shaped teeth skin: red skull: very curved upper incisors |
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Arborimus pomo (Sonoma red tree vole)
*’Christmas tree’-shaped teeth skin: red skull: very curved upper incisors |
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*Skull: Christmas tree teeth, pointed short palate
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Myodes californicus (California red-black vole)
*’Christmas tree’-shaped teeth skin: slightly red on black coloring skull: short palate with pointed tip |
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Myodes californicus (California red-black vole)
*’Christmas tree’-shaped teeth skin: slightly red on black coloring skull: short palate with pointed tip |
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Lemmiscus curtatus (sagebrush vole)
*’Christmas tree’-shaped teeth skin: smallest tail extends just past feet; scruffy light brown fur skull: spongy auditory bullae |
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Lemmiscus curtatus (sagebrush vole)
*’Christmas tree’-shaped teeth skin: smallest tail extends just past feet; scruffy light brown fur skull: spongy auditory bullae |
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Microtus (some voles)
*’Christmas tree’-shaped teeth skull: appears to have a lot of cheekteeth |
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Microtus californicus (California meadow vole)
*’Christmas tree’-shaped teeth skin: tail is ~2x feet length (<1/3 body length); bigger |
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Microtus longicaudus (long-tailed vole)
*’Christmas tree’-shaped teeth skin: tail is ~2.5x feet length (>1/3 body length); smaller |
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Ondatra zibethicus (muskrat)
*’Christmas tree’-shaped teeth skin: 2 sagittal crest bumps at the middle skull: large; bare, skinny tail |
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Ondatra zibethicus (muskrat)
*’Christmas tree’-shaped teeth skin: 2 sagittal crest bumps at the middle skull: large; bare, skinny tail |
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Phenacomys intermedius (heather vole)
*’Christmas tree’-shaped teeth skin: scruffy head; tiny tail (x1.5 feet length); dark color skull: short palate with rounded tip |
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*skull: Christmas tree teeth with short, rounded palate
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Phenacomys intermedius (heather vole)
*’Christmas tree’-shaped teeth skin: scruffy head; tiny tail (x1.5 feet length); dark color skull: short palate with rounded tip |
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Reithrodontomys megalotus (western harvest mouse)
skin: smaller (than Mus); white belly; dark back skull: super tiny/fragile; grooved incisors |
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Reithrodontomys megalotus (western harvest mouse)
skin: smaller (than Mus); white belly; dark back skull: super tiny/fragile; grooved incisors |
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Neotoma (woodrats)
skull: rooted teeth; weak temporal ridges; teeth between Christmas tree and S shape. |
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Neotoma cinerea (bushy-tailed woodrat)
skin: gray color; bushy tail |
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Neotoma fuscipes (dusky-rooted woodrat)
skin: fuzzy tail; bicolored feet; chocolate unicolor fur |
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Neotoma lepida (desert woodrat)
skin: bare-ish, bicolored tail; pale gray color |
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Onychomys leucogaster (northern grasshopper mouse)
skin: mouse chinchilla skull: 1st mandible bump > 2nd mandible bump (coronoid > condyloid); flip-flop shaped teeth |
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*Skull: 1st>2nd mandible bump
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Onychomys leucogaster (northern grasshopper mouse)
skin: mouse chinchilla skull: 1st mandible bump > 2nd mandible bump (coronoid > condyloid); flip-flop shaped teeth |
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Peromyscus (some mice)
skull: 1st mandible bump < 2nd mandible bump (coronoid < condyloid) |
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Peromyscus boylii (brush mouse)
skin: tail hair sparse enough to see annulations (tail grooves/lines) |
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Peromyscus maniculates (deer mouse)
skin: speckled tail, too furred to see annulations (tail grooves/lines) |
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Peromyscus truei (pinyon mouse)
skin: orange ‘armpit’ spots prominent; tail too furred to see annulations (tail grooves/lines) |
