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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are causes of hypocalcemia?
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parturient paresis in lactating cattle and sheep
parturienent eclampsia in lactating dogs primary hypothyroism phosephate enemas rapid IV phosphate supplemetation |
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What are signs of hypocalcemia?
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tetany and muscle trumors
CNS stimulation and seizures hyperthermia breadycardia animal may be PU/PD |
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What is the treatment for hypocalcemia?
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calcium gluconate or borogluconate added to normal saline
parenteral calcium, oral calcium supplements 3-4 times daily for 1-2 weeks; increasing dietary calcium; vitamin D |
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What fluids should be avoided when treating hypocalcemia?
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ones that contain bicarbonate, acetate or lactate precipitate calcium
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What is dihydrotachysterol?
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most commonly used vitamin D preparation
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What are the types of vitamin D?
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preparations - Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol),
dihydrotachysterol (DHT - synthetic vitamin D2 analog), Calcitriol (1,25 - dihydroxycholecalciferol) |
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What is calcitriol?
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treatment for hypocalcemia
onset of action 1-4 days with a half life of one day capsule sizes are not suitable for dogs or cats |
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What are the actions of vitamin D?
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increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorous
increases tubular reabsorption of calcium and phosphorous; increases mineral bone resorption stimulates parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
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What are causes of hypercalcemia?
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malignant tumors (lymphoma, multiple myeloma)
hypoadrenocorticism Chonic Renal Failure primary hyperparathyroidism vitamin D intoxication |
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What is increased calcium due to the kidney?
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nephrotoxic
acute vasoconstriction, renal ischemia and renal damage antagonist of ADH in the distal tubule precipitation of calcium phosphate in renal tissue |
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What are the clinical signs of hypercalcemia?
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anorexia
vomiting constipation generalized muscle weakness depression muscle twitch and seizures cardiac arrhythmias |
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How do you treat hypercalcemia?
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saline
furosemide Glucocorticoids (pred or dexmethasone) calcitonin pamidronate disodium plicamycin Sodium Bicarbonate |
