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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Any 'pouch' gives rise to what?
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organs
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The superior parathyroids develop from what pouch?
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4th pharyngeal pouch
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The inferior parathyroids develop from what?
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3rd pharyngeal pouch
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What stimulates PTH secretion?
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low calcium, high phosphorus
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What inhibits PTH secretion?
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high calcium, low phosphorus
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Where does PTH act?
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osteoclasts, late DCT
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What does PTH do?
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stimulate osteoclast activity, increases secretion of P, activates 1-alpha-hydroxylase (stim. vit D)
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What is the second messenger for PTH?
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cAMP
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The number 1 cause of hypoparathyroidism?
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thyroidectomy
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What causes pseudohypoparathyroidism?
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receptor not working
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What is a big clue for pseudohypoparathyroidism?
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short 3rd and 5th digit
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What is the number 1 cause of primary hyperparathyroidism?
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parathyroid adenoma
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What is the number 1 cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?
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renal failure
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Where is Vit D from?
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skin > liver > renal
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What stimulates Vit D production?
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low calcium, low phosphorus
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What inhibits Vit D production?
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high calcium, high phosphorus
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What bone activity does Vit D stimulate?
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osteoblastic
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A vitamin D deficiency in adults is called?
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osteomalacia
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A vitamin D deficiency in children is called?
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rickets
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In rickets and osteomalacia, what are calcium and P levels?
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high
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Calcitonin is from what cells?
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parafollicular cells
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What stimulates calcitonin secretion?
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high calcium
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What inhibits calcitonin?
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low calcium
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Where does calcitonin go? What does it do?
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bone- inhibits osteoclastic activity
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What is the second messenger for calcitonin?
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cAMP
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What are the 3 MEN 1 syndromes?
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pituitary adenomas, parathyroid adenomas, pancreatic adenomas
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What are the MEN 2 syndromes?
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medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, pheochromocytoma, plus or minus parathyroid adenoma
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What are the MEN 3 or 2b syndromes?
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MEN 2 w/neuroma/ganglioneuroma but minus parathyroid adenoma
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What do the bisphosphonate drugs do?
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inhibit osteoclastic activity
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What is the first line treatment for osteoporosis?
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estrogens
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What is the second line treatment for osteoporosis?
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bisphosphonates
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Why are bisphosphonates NOT administered by IV?
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they cause osteonecrosis- bind bone Ca and won't let go
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What do all the bisphosphonates end in?
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"nate"
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What are 4 examples of bisphosphonates?
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etidranate, elandronate, ibondranate, residronate
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