Calcium Channel Blockers

Front 1

Calcium Channel Blockers

Back 1

Verapamil- Isoptin, Calan, Cordilox
Nifedipine- Procardia, Adalat
Diltiazem- Cardizem, Anginyl, Dilzem, Tildiem

Front 2

Generic Name:Verapamil

Trade Name:Isoptin, Calan, Cordilox
From: IV, Oral tablets

Back 2

Verapamil Uses: A moderately potent vasodilator, less in the peripheral vasculature, negative inotropic effect and mild depression of the sinus node and AV conduction specifically atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter.
Side Effects: dizziness; fatigue; headache; lightheadedness; mild pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site.

Front 3

Isoptin Uses: To treat high blood pressure.

Isoptin Side Effects: constipation; dizziness; fatigue; headache; lightheadedness; nausea.
SEVERE side effects: chest pain; fainting; lightheadedness, especially when standing; severe dizziness; shortness of breath; swelling of the feet or hands; symptoms of liver problems. unusually fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat

Back 3

Calan Uses: Treating high blood pressure and chronic stable angina (chest pain). For treating and preventing supraventricular tachycardia and for controlling heart rate response to other rhythm disturbances, specifically atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter.

Side Effects: same as Isoptin use.

Front 4

The Use of Calcium Channel Blockers: Block the entry of calcium into the channels of the sarcoplasmic reticulum of smooth muscle and myocardium causing vasolidalation, loss of contraction in smooth muscle of blood vessels.
Negative Inotropic.

Back 4

Pharmacological use: 1) Angina Pectoris: reducing coronary artery spasm, increasing coronary blood flow. 2) Supraventricular arrhythmias: Because of its effect on AV conduction, verapamil useful in treatment of arrhythmias, supraventricular tachycardias. 3) Hypertension: all three types specially Nifedipine controls hypertension especially useful when combined with beta blockers or diuretics.

Front 5

Calcium Channel Blockers:
Major significant side effects: An excessive negative inotropic effect causing hpyotension and heart failure.
Minor side effects: Flushing, dizziness, headaches and palpitations because of vasodilation.

Back 5

Generic Name: Nifedipine

Trade Name: procardia, Adalat

From: Oral Capsules, Sublingual capsules

Front 6

Nifedipine Uses: To control angina (chest pain).
Side Effects: Fainting; fever, chills, or persistent sore throat; mental or mood changes; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin; severe or persistent dizziness or light-headedness; slow, fast, or irregular heartbeat; shortness of breath; sudden, unusual weight gain; swelling of the arms or legs; symptoms of heart attack; tender, bleeding, or swollen gums; tremors; unusual bruising or bleeding; unusual tiredness or weakness; vision problems; wheezing; worsening chest pain or yellowing of the skin or eyes.

Back 6

Procardia; Adalat Uses: a calcium channel blocker used to control angina (chest pain).

Side Effects: dizziness, light-headedness, headache, weakness, constipation, cough, flushing, giddiness, heat sensation, muscle cramps, nausea, nervousness, or heartburn.

Front 7

Generica Name: Diltiazem

Trade Name: Cardizem, Anginyl, Dilzem, Tildiem

From: Oral tablets

Back 7

Diltiazem Uses: To treat angina (chest pain) or high blood pressure.

Side Effects: constipation, dizziness, lightheadedness, headache, tiredness, or weakness. If you experience tender, bleeding, or swollen gums; fever, chills, or sore throat; unusual bleeding or bruising; unusual or persistent tiredness or weakness; or vision changes.

Front 8

Cardizem, Anginly, Dilzem, Tildiem Uses: Intravenous solution and oral Tablets: A calcium channel blocker used to treat supraventricular tachycardia, a rhythm disturbance of the heart. It is also used for controlling atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter.

Back 8

Cardizem, Anginly, Dilzem and Tildiem
Side Effects: constipation, dizziness, lightheadedness, headache, tiredness, or weakness. tender, bleeding, or vision changes. chest pain; fainting; fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat; hallucinations; mood or mental changes; severe or persistent dizziness, lightheadedness, nausea, or vomiting; personality changes; reddened, blistered or swollen skin; shortness of breath; sudden weight gain.

Front 9

Antiarrhytmic Agents

Class IA anti-arrhythmics

Back 9

Use of Antiarrhytmic Agents:
Drugs used to treat specific arrhytmias classified as Class 1A, 1B, 1C, II, III, and IV.

Pharmacological Action : Na channel blockers on cardiac myocytes
prolong phase 0 depolarization - slowing conduction
delay phase 3 repolarization
increase AP duration, ERP, and QT interval
treat a. fib, a. flutter, v. tach

Side Effect: may cause arrhythmias

Front 10

Class 1A:
Generic Name: quinidine
Trade Name: Quinidex, Quinaglute

Generic Name: procainamide
Trade Name: Pronestyl

Generic Name: disopyramide Trade Name:Norpace

Back 10

Generic: quinidine
type of drug: class IA anti-arrhythmic

side effects:
cinchonism (vertigo, HA, tinnitus)
GI upset

Front 11

Generic: procainamide
type of drug: class IA anti-arrhythmic

COMMON USES: Used to treat an irregular heartbeat.

side effects:
drug induced lupus
psychosis

Back 11

Generic: disopyramide
type of drug: class IA anti-arrhythmic

side effects:
urinary retention
double vision
constipation

Front 12

Antiarrhytmic Agents

Class IB anti-arrhythmics

Back 12

Class 1B:
Generic Name: lidocaine
Trade Name: Xylocaine

Generic Name: tocainide
Trade Name: Tonocard

Generic Name: mexiletine
Trade Name: Mexitil

Generic Name: Phenyltoin
Trade Name: Dilantin

Front 13

Pharmacological Action:
Na channel blocker of cardiac myocytes
phase 3 of repolarization and the entire duration of the AP is shortened
Use: treate acute ventricular arrhythmias, esp. from MI or surg.

Side Effect: may cause cardiac arrhythmias
use-dependent - more active at ion channels depolarizing more often

Back 13

Lidocaine Use: This medicine is a local anesthetic used to provide relief from pain or itching.
Generic Tocainide & Mexiletine Use: An anti-arrhythmic used to treat an irregular heartbeat

Tocainide, Mexiletine Side Effects:
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach discomfort, constipation, dizziness, nervousness, or blurred vision.

Front 14

Trade name: Dilantin
An anticonvulsant used for treating tonic-clonic (grand mal) and partial seizures. prevent and treat seizures that may occur during or after brain or nervous system surgery.

Side Effects: constipation; dizziness; headache; mild nervousness; nausea; trouble sleeping; or vomiting

Back 14

Antiarrhytmic Agents

class Ic anti-arrhythmics

Front 15

Class 1C:
Generic Name: flecainide
Trade Name: Tambocor

Generic Name: encainide
Trade Name: Enkaid

Generice Name: propafenone
Trade Name: Rhythmol

Back 15

Pharmacological Action:
marked reduction in length of upstroke of action potential, marked lengthening of ventricular conduction(widens QRS) and no effect on action potential duration.

Front 16

Flecainide Use: treat an irregular heartbeat.
SIDE EFFECTS: stomach discomfort, dizziness, headache, or blurred vision.

Propafenone Use: Class 1C anti-arrhythmic medicine used to help maintain a normal heart rhythm in certain patients who have a fib.
Side Effects: dizziness or lightheadedness, drowsiness, constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth, gas, headache, nausea, tiredness, or change in taste.

Back 16

Antiarrhytmic Agents

class II anti-arrhythmics

Front 17

Pharmacological Action: Class II
beta blockers decrease cAMP
decrease Ca currents
decrease slope of phase 4
AV node particularly sensitive -
increase PR interval.

Back 17

Antiarrhytmic Agents

class III anti-arrhythmics

Front 18

Class III:
Generic Name: Amiodarone
Trade Name: cordarone

Generic Name: bretylium
Trade Name: Bretylol

Back 18

Pharmacological Action: Class III
Prolong phase 3 repolarization

Front 19

Generic: Amiodarone Use:
For treating life-threatening recurrent heart rhythm disturbances in patients who cannot tolerate or do not respond well to other medicines.

Side Effects: Abnormal skin sensations (loss of sensation; tingling; numbness; prickling); bitter taste in mouth; blue-green discoloring of skin; constipation; decreased sexual interest; dizziness; dry eyes; flushing of the face;involuntary muscle movements; loss of appetite; nausea; poor coordination; or vomiting.

Back 19

Antiarrhytmic Agents

class IV anti-arrhthymics

Front 20

Class IV:
Generic Name: Verapamil
Generic Name: Diltiazem

Back 20

Pharmacologica Action:
class IV anti-arrhythmics
block voltage gated Ca channels
slow phase 4 spontaneous depol.
prolong PR interval
treat SVT, rate reduction in a. fib
S.E. hypotension, heart block

Front 21

Adenosine, potassium for Arrhythmias Action: increases K effluxof SA and AV node cells, hyperpolarizing them and decreasing frequency of activation
treat SVT

Side Effects: flushing, dyspnea, hypotension

Back 21

magnesium for arrhythmias
Action: believed to effect ion flow through Na, K, Ca channels
treat torsades & digoxin toxicity

Side Effects: hypermag, hypotension, delayed deep tendon reflexes, paralysis, shock

Front 22

NITRATES

Back 22

Pharmacological Action: Causing vasodilation of the coronary arteries and peripheral venous system.1) vasodilation in the ischemic area of myocardium, improved blood flow thru collateral channels. 2) Relief of vasospasm with or no athrosclerotic plaque, improve blood flow.
In Peripheral venous system, reduces preload, causing venous pooling of blood, reduced volume of blood back to heart.

Front 23

Nitrates Use: treat angina pectoris and congestive heart failure.

Forms: intravenous, sublingual tablets, Oral spray, sustained-release oral tablets, ointment, transdermal patches.

Side Effects: Syncope, Hpotension from excessive vasodilation and reduced cardiac output. tolerance can make it ineffective.
Side Effect: dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting when sitting or standing; headache; vomitting; burning or tingling in mouth; fast heartbeat; or flushing of your face and neck.

Back 23

Generic Name: Nitroglycerin (TNT)
Trade Name: Nitroglycerin, Nitrostablin
From:sublingual tablets
T name: nitrolingual spray
From: sublingual spray
T name: nitrong SR
From: oranl tablets
T name: nitrogard, Susadrin
From: buccal tablets
T name:nitrodur, transderm-nitro, nitrodisa
From: transdermal patch
T name: Nitrostat, nitro-bid, tridil
From: I.V.
Generic Name: Isosorbid dinitrate
T name: Isordil, Cedocard, Iso-Bid, Isotrate, Sorbitrate
From: I.V.