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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the 8 possible causes of hypocalcemia
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Rapid infusions with citrate
Hypoalbuminemia Hypoparathyroidism Vitamin D deficiency Pancreatitis Alkalosis Chronic renal failure Chronic aloholism |
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Hypocalcemia has what signs on physical exam?
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Numbness and tingling
vetricular tachycardia hyperreactive reflexes positive Trousseau's positive Chvostek's tetany muscle cramps pathological fractures |
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What is Trouseau's sign?
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carpopedal spasm with hypoxia (using blood pressure cuff around wrist)
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What is Chvostek's sign?
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twitch on the same side of the face when the face is tapped at the jaw line
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What lab values indicate hypocalcemia?
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serum ionized calcium below 4.5 mEq/L
or total serum calcium below 8.5 |
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What are the 7 possible causes for hypercalcemia?
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Hyperparathyroidism
ostematastasis paget's disease osteoperosis prolonged immobilization acidosis thiazide diuretics |
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What signs would you expect with hypercalcemia?
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anorexia
nausea and vomitting weakness hypoactive reflexes lethargy flank pain (kidney stones) decreased level of conciousness personality changes cardiac arrest |
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What lab findings would indicate hypercalcemia?
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serum ionized calcium above 5.5 mEq/L
or total serum calcium above 10.5 mEq/L x-ray exam showing osteoperosis heart block |
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What 5 causes would you expect with hypomagnesemia?
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inadequate intake (malnutrition, alcoholism)
inadequate absorption (diarrhea, vomitting) thiazide diuretics aldosterone excess polyuria |
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What signs would you see with hypomagnesemia?
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muscular tremors
hyperactive DTR confusion and disorientation tachycardia hypertension postitive Chvostek's and Trousseau's sign |
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What lab findings would you see with hypomagnesemia?
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serum magnesium level below 1.5 mEq/L
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What 2 causes are related to hypermagnesemia?
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Renal failure
excess oral or parenteral intake |
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What signs are connected with hypermagnesemia?
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hypoactive DTR
decreased depth and rate of of respirations hypotension flushing |
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What lab results would you see with hypermagnesemia?
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serum maganesium levels above 2.5 mEq/L
prolonged QT interval AV block |
