Cahpter 5 Anatomy

Front 1

skin and its accessory structures make up the

Back 1

integumentary system

Front 2

• The integumentary system functions to

Back 2

guard the body’s physical and biochemical integrity, maintain a constant body temperature, and provide sensory information about the surrounding environment.

Front 3

• The superficial portion of the skin is the

Back 3

epidermis

Front 4

dermis and is primarily composed of

Back 4

connective tissue

Front 5

• Deep to the dermis is the

Back 5

subcutaneous layer or hypodermis

Front 6

the hypodermis consists of

Back 6

consists of areolar and adipose tissue

Front 7

• Stratified squamous epithelium is vascular or avascular?

Back 7

avascular

Front 8

• keratinocytes
– produce the protein keratin which...

Back 8

which helps protect the skin and underlying tissue from heat, microbes, and chemicals, and helps provide a somewhat waterproof sealant

Front 9

langerhan cells are derived from _ and participate in _

Back 9

– derived from bone marrow stem cells
– participate in immune response

Front 10

– contact a sensory structure called a tactile disc and function in the sensation of touch

Back 10

merkel cells

Front 11

• From deepest to superficial, the layers of the epidermis are

Back 11

– stratum basale (stratum germinativum)
– stratum spinosum
– stratum granulosum
– stratum lucidum (only in palms and soles)
– stratum corneum

Front 12

Stratum Spinosum

Back 12

provides strength and flexibility ro the skin

Front 13

Stratum Basale (stratum germinativum)

Back 13

– Merkel cells, melanocytes, keratinocytes & stem cells that divide repeatedly

Front 14

Stratum Granulosum

Back 14

• Contain lamellar granules that release lipid that repels water
• Contain dark-staining keratohyalin granules

Front 15

• present only in the fingers tips, palms of the hands, and soles of the feet.

Back 15

Stratum Lucidum

Front 16

• Barrier to light, heat, water, chemicals & bacteria
• Lamellar granules in this layer make it water-repellent.
• Constant exposure to friction will cause this layer to increase in depth with the formation of a callus, an abnormal thickening of the epidermis.

Back 16

stratum corneum

Front 17

– covers all parts of the body except for the palms and palmar surfaces of the digits and toes.
– lacks epidermal ridges
– has a sparser distribution of sensory receptors than thick skin.

Back 17

thin skin

Front 18

– covers the palms, palmar surfaces of the digits, and soles
– features a stratum lucidum and thick epidermal ridges
– lacks hair follicles, arrector pili muscles, and sebaceous glands, and has more sweat glands than thin skin.

Back 18

thick skin

Front 19

• Stem cells divide to produce

Back 19

keratinocytes

Front 20

• dermis Connective tissue layer composed of

Back 20

collagen & elastic fibers, fibroblasts, macrophages & fat cells

Front 21

• Contains hair follicles, glands, nerves & blood vessels

Back 21

dermis

Front 22

• Two major regions of dermis

Back 22

papillary, reticular

Front 23

• Cells sink inward during development to form

Back 23

– hair
– oil glands
– sweat glands
– nails

Front 24

• Hairs, or pili, are present on most skin surfaces except

Back 24

the palms, palmar surfaces of the digits, soles, and plantar surfaces of the digits.

Front 25

• Hair consists of

Back 25

– a shaft above the surface
– a root that penetrates the dermis and subQ layer
– a hair follicle

Front 26

• New hairs develop from

Back 26

cell division of the matrix in the bulb

Front 27

– smooth muscle in dermis contracts with cold or fear.
– forms goosebumps as hair is pulled vertically

Back 27

arrector pili

Front 28

4 functions of the hair

Back 28

• Prevents heat loss
• Decreases sunburn
• Eyelashes help protect eyes
• Touch receptors (hair root plexus) senses light touch

Front 29

• contains cholesterol, proteins, fats & salts

Back 29

sebaceous gland

Front 30

• waterproofs and softens the skin

Back 30

sebaceous gland

Front 31

• inhibits growth of bacteria & fungi (ringworm)

Back 31

sebaceous gland

Front 32

• moistens hairs

Back 32

sebaceous gland

Front 33

– produce sebum

Back 33

sebaceous gland

Front 34

– secretory portion is in dermis with duct to surface

Back 34

Sudoriferous eccrine (sweat) glands

Front 35

– ducts terminate at pores at the surface of the epidermis

Back 35

Sudoriferous eccrine (sweat) glands

Front 36

– regulate body temperature through evaporation (perspiration)

Back 36

Sudoriferous eccrine (sweat) glands

Front 37

– help eliminate wastes such as urea.

Back 37

Sudoriferous eccrine (sweat) glands

Front 38

limited in distribution to the skin of the axilla, pubis, and areolae

Back 38

Apocrine sweat glands

Front 39

– secretory portion in dermis

Back 39

Apocrine sweat glands

Front 40

– duct that opens onto hair follicle

Back 40

Apocrine sweat glands

Front 41

– secretions are more viscous

Back 41

apocrine sweat gland

Front 42

modified sudoriferous glands that produce a waxy substance called cerumen.

Back 42

• Ceruminous glands

Front 43

– found in the external auditory meatus

Back 43

Ceruminous glands

Front 44

– contains secretions of oil and wax glands

Back 44

Ceruminous glands

Front 45

– barrier for entrance of foreign bodies

Back 45

Ceruminous glands

Front 46

– visible portion pink due to underlying capillaries
– free edge appears white

Back 46

nail body

Front 47

– buried under skin layers

Back 47

nail root

Front 48

– lunula is white due to thickened stratum basale

Back 48

nail root

Front 49

– stratum corneum layer

Back 49

• Eponychium (cuticle)

Front 50

• Perspiration & its evaporation results in

Back 50

– lowers body temperature
– flow of blood in the dermis is adjusted

Front 51

more blood brought to surface helps lower temperature-

Back 51

moderate exercise

Front 52

blood is shunted to muscles and body temperature rises

Back 52

extreme exercise

Front 53

FUNCTIONS OF SKIN

Back 53

• blood reservoir ,protection, cutaneous sensations, vitamin d synthesis, excretion, absorption

Front 54

– The connective tissue and blood vessels associated with the gland develop from the

Back 54

mesoderm

Front 55

– only epidermis burned

Back 55

1st degree

Front 56

–burn destroys entire epidermis & part of dermis

Back 56

second degree burn

Front 57

–burn fluid-filled blisters separate epidermis & dermis

Back 57

second degree burn

Front 58

–burn epidermal derivatives are not damaged

Back 58

second degree burn

Front 59

–burn heals without grafting in 3 to 4 weeks & may scar

Back 59

second degree burn

Front 60

–burn destroy epidermis, dermis & epidermal derivatives

Back 60

third degree or full thickness burn

Front 61

–burn damaged area is numb due to loss of sensory nerves

Back 61

third degree or full thickness burn