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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Core Vocabularies
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The most basic and long-lasting words in any language- pronouns, lower numerals, and names for body parts and natural objects.
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Linguistic Nationalism
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The attempt by ethnic minorities and even countries to proclaim independence by purging their language of foreign terms.
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Gendered Speech
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Distinct male and female syntax exhibited in various languages around the world.
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Displacement
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The ability to refer to things and events removed in time and space.
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Naming Ceremony
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A special event or ritual to mark the naming of an individual or thing.
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Independence Training
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Child-rearing practices that promote independence, self-reliance, and personal achievement on the part of the child.
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Intersexuals
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People born with reproductive organs, genitalia, and/or sex chromosomes that are not exclusively male or female.
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Convergent Evolution
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A process by which unrelated populations develop similarities to one another.
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Culture Area
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A geographic region in which a number of societies follow similar patterns of life.
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Hunter Gatherer
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self explanatory
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Swidden Farming
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Also known as slash-and-burn. An extensive form of horticulture in which the natural vegetation is cut, the slash is subsequently burned, and crops then planted among the ashes, which fertilize the soil.
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Pastoralism
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Breeding and managing of herds of domesticated grazing animals, such as goats, sheep, cattle, llamas, or camels.
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Egalitarian
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Societies in which everyone has about equal access to and power over basic resources.
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Phonology
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The study of language sounds.
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Morphemes
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The smallest units of sound that carry a meaning in language. They are distinct from phonemes, which can alter meaning, but have no meaning by themselves.
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Gesture
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Facial expressions and bodily postures and motions that convey intended as well as subconscious messages.
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Paralanguage
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Voice effects that accompany language and convey meaning. These include vocalization such as giggling, groaning, or sighing, as well as voice qualities such as pitch and tempo.
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Vocal Characterizers
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In paralanguage, vocalizations such as laughing, crying, yawning, or "breaking," which the speaker "talks through."
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Tonal Language
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A language in which the sound pitch of a spoken word is an essential part of its pron8unciation and meaning.
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Linguistic Divergence
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The development of different languages from a single ancestral language.
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Pidgin
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A language in which the syntax and vocabulary of two other languages are simplified and combined.
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Ethnolinguistics
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A branch of linguistics that studies the relationsihp between language and culture.
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Dialects
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Varying forms of a language that reflect particular regions, occupations, or social classes that are similar enough to be mutually intelligible.
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Alphabet
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A series of symbols representing the sounds of a language arranged in a traditional order.
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Personality
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The distinctive way a person thinks, feels, and behaves.
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Modal Personality
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The body of character traits that occur with the highest frequency in a culturally bounded population.
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Transgenders
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People who crossover or occupy a culturally accepted intermediate position in the binary male-female gender construction.
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Parallel Evolution
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In cultural evolution, the development of similar cultural adaptations to similar environmental conditions by peoples whose ancestral cultures were already somewhat alike.
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Culture Core
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Cultural features that are fundamental in a society's way of makeing its living- including food-producing techniques, knowledge of available resources, and work arrangements involved in a pplying those techniques to the local environment.
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Horticulture
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Cultivation of crops carried out with simple hand tools such as digging sticks or hoes.
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Transhumance
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In pastoralism, the pattern of strict seasonal movement between highlands and lowlands.
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