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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What happens to the reactivity as you go down group 1? Why? |
The reactivity increases. This is because the outer electron is easier to lose as it gets further away from the positively charged nucleus. |
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What happens as you go down the halogens? Why? |
The halogens get less reactive as you go down the group. This is because the outer electrons are harder to attract because it is further away from the nucleus. |
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What happens to the melting and boiling point as you go down group 1? |
They decrease |
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What happens to to the melting and boiling point as you go down group 7? |
They increase |
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What properties does fluorine have? |
Fluorine is a highly reactive and poisonous yellow gas |
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What properties does chlorine have? |
Chlorine is a fairly reactive, poisonous green gas. |
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What properties does bromine have? |
Bromine is a dense poisonous orange liquid. |
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What properties does iodine have? |
Iodine is a dark grey solid. |
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What happens when you react an alkali metal with water? |
They react very vigorously. They produce hydrogen. They move around the surface fizzing furiously. |
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What is the equation for an alkali metal with water? |
Alkali metal + water -> alkali metal hydroxide + hydrogen. |
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What happens when you react alkali metals with chlorine? |
SALT Alkali metals react vigorously with chlorine. The reaction produces colourless salts. Eg lithium chloride and sodium chloride |
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What is the balanced symbol equation for an alkali metal with chlorine? |
2 alkali metal + chlorine2 -> 2alkalimetal chloride |
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What is a displacement reaction? |
This is where a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element. Displacement reactions always make a colour change. |
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What ionic charge do the halogens make? |
1- |
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What ionic charge do the halogens make? |
1- |
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What charge do the alkali metals make? |
1+ |
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How did Dobereiner begin at making a periodic table? |
He proposed the 'law of triads' He realised that the relative formula mass of the middle element in a group of three elements (that had similar properties) was close to the average of the other two elements. |
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What did Newlands do? |
He arranged known elements in order of their relative formula masses. He proposed the 'law of octaves' meaning every 8th element had similar properties. This did not work for all known elements so he was dismissed. |
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What did Mendeleev do? |
He put the known elements in order of their relative atomic masses but left gaps for the unknown elements. He predicted the properties for unknown elements so scientists believed what he was saying when they were proved correct. |
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What are some uses of the halogens? |
Halogens are bleaching agents Halogens kill bacteria. Chlorine is added to water at very low concentrations to kill bacteria. Chlorine is only used in fume cupboards. |
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How do line spectrums work? |
Atoms give off light when heated, and a prism can be used to split this light into a spectrum. Each element has it's own distinctive line spectrum. |
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What is the mass of a proton? |
1 |
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What is the mass of a neutron? |
1 |
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How do line spectrums work? |
Atoms give off light when heated, and a prism can be used to split this light into a spectrum. Each element has it's own distinctive line spectrum. |
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What is an ionic compound? |
When a metal and a non-metal join, electrons are transferred from the metal atoms to the non metal atoms forming ions. Eg Sodium + chlorine -> sodium chloride. |
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What is an ionic bond? |
When there is a strong electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions, causing an ionic bond. |
