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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Early Stone Age,
Proto-Indo-European Culture |
Before 4,000 BC
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Early Urnfield Culture Dates
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1,300-1,000 BC
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Late Urnfield Culture Dates
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1,000-700 BC
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Halstatt Culture Dates
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700-500 BC
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La Tene Culture Dates
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500-15 BC
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Caesar's conquest of Britain
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55 BC
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Caesar's conquest of Gaul
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51 BC
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Proto-Indo-European language spoken
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Before 4,000 BC
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Samhain
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Nov. 1st, New Year/Winter begins, 1st function. Beginning of the dark part of the year. God Donn/Dis Pater celebrated, selection of bulls for breeding.
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Imbolg
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Feb 1st, Spring begins, 3rd function. Beginning of the light part of the year. God Sulis-Minerva and all goddesses celebrated, lactation of the yews.
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Beltine
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May 1st, Summer begins, 1st & 3rd functions. God Belenus (Mac Og/Apollo/Maponos) celebrated. Beginning of open pasturing.
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Lugnasid
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August 1st, Autumn Begins, 3rd function. God Lugh celebrated, beginning of the harvest.
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Date of Irish Christianization
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431 AD
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Early Urnfield Culture characteristics
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Contemporaneous with fall of (Homer's) Mycenaean Greeks. Named for vast tracts of cemetery land with bodies cremated and buried in urns. New Bronze Age technology allowed greater religious expression and trade.
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Late Urnfield Culture characteristics
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Two major advances: Ironworking and equine husbandry. Burial customs changed from urns in fields to usher in Halstatt traditions.
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Halstatt Culture characteristics
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Marked by burial mounds, long underground halls filled with ceremonial objects. 4-wheeled chariots prominent religious and cultural symbols. Wine was major import from Hellenistic world, exchanged for salt and slaves.
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La Tene Culture characteristics
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Named for archaeological dig, characterized by burial mounds similar to Halstatt. Chariots had 2 wheels instead of 4. Deities have votive animals. Proto-towns developed in ring-fort formation from Iberia to Galatia. Head-hunting culture.
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Hierarchy of "knowledge-keepers"
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Druids, Vatis/Fili, Bards
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Derbfine
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Main family unit/ kin group
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Tuath
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Tribe
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Lug Names
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Lug (Irish)/Mercury (Roman)/Lleu Llaw Gyffes (Welsh)/Lugus (Pan-celtic)/ Odin (Norse)/ Wotan (German)
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Lug Epithets/ function
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Samildanach (Master of all the Arts)/ Find (Fair-haired one), 1st
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Lug consort, festival, family.
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Maia/Rosmerta, Lugnasid. Father was Cian of Tuatha De, mother was Fomoire (daughter of Balor)
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Mac Og Names
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Mac Og, Oengus (Irish)/ Apollo (Roman)/ Mabon (Welsh)/ Maponos (Gaulish), son of the Dagda
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Mac Og Epithets/ function
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Maponos ("Great/holy son" of Matrona, the "great mother")/ Atepomarus (Possessing a great horse)/ Belenus (Bright/shiny)/ Grannus (Aquatic)/ Bormo (Seething waters), 2nd
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Nuadhu Names
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Nuadhu (Irish)/ Mars (Roman)/ Lludd/Nudd (Welsh)/ Nodens (British,Gaulish)
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Nuadhu Epithets/ function
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Nuadhu Airget Lam (Silver hand)/ Lludd Llaw Ereint (silver hand)/ sea and war God, 2nd.
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Sulis Names
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Sulis (Pan-Celtic)/Sulis-Minerva (Roman)
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Donn Names
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Donn (Irish)/ Dis Pater (Roman)/ Jupiter (Roman)/ Sucelos (Gaulish)
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Donn festival/ function
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Samhain, 1st
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4 Talismans of the Tuatha De Dannan
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1. Stone of Fal
2. Spear of Lug 3. Sword of Nuadhu 4. Cauldron of the Dagda |
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Stone of Fal
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Shrieked under true "pretender to the throne" until Cuchulainn broke it, 1st function.
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Spear of Lug
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No one could defeat it, 2nd function.
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Sword of Nuadhu
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No one escaped from it, 2nd function.
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Cauldron of the Dagda
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No one left it unsatisfied, 3rd function.
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6 invasions in the Le Bhor Ghabala Erainn, Book of Invasions
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1.Cessair
2. Partholon 3. Nemed 4. Fir Bolg 5. Tuatha De Dannan 6. Goidels |
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5th invasion, Le Bhor Ghabala.
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5. Tuatha De Dannan: c. 4,000-1,700 bc. Skilled druids and spiritual warriors, brought 4 talismans.
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6th invasion, Le Bhor Ghabala.
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c. Goidels: c. 1,700 bc, WAY too early. authors of Book of Invasions, forced Tuatha De into underground, otherworld.
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4 invasions in O'Rahilly
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1. c. 500bc: Cruithin
2. c. 400 bc: Erainn (Fir Bolg/Belgai/ and Conaire) 3. c. 200 bc: Laigin (Tuatha De) 4. c. 100 bc: Goidels, first "q" celts |
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1st Cycle
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Mythological. Deals with ancient deeds of Tuatha De. CMT,
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2nd Cycle
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Ulster. "Warrior" tales 8th century tales, 12th-15th century manuscripts, during reign of king Conchobar of Ulster. DDDH, Tain, Mac Da Tho's pig, Cattle Raids.
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2nd Battle of Mag Tiured origin
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Oldest version in Harleian ms 5280, c. 16th century, from earliest 9th century oral tradition.
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Imbalance of order/functions
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When conflict occurs, a narrative is generated. Restoration of class relationships results in order.
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Irish kingship reckoning
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Patrilineally.
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Welsh kingship reckoning
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Matrilineally; Son of the king's sister (nephew) succeeds him.
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3 markers of a Geis
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1. Language aggressive and challenging
2. Honor is threatened 3. Instant acquiescence |
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Examples of Gessi
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Dagda and Indech's daughter, Conare's shitty life, Math's feet.
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Fir Fer
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"Truth of men," public contract of honor in warfare.
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3 rules of Gessi
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1. Must be public
2. Must be external 3. Must be public |
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Fer Caille and pig.
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Lord of feast, double for Da Derga and Donn.
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Sons of Dond Desa
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Conare's 3 foster-brothers, exiled to Britain, made alliance with king of the Britons Ingcél Cáech.
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LLeu Llaw Gyffes
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Lleu "skillful hand," counterpart of Lug, from Math. Son of Arianhrod, with his uncle Gwydion gained a name, armor, and a wife, Blodeuedd. Bood conspires with Gronw to kill Lleu, goat/tub/spear/eagle incident. Brought back by Gwydion. Turns Blod into an owl, becomes king of Gwynedd.
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3 plagues survived by Lludd
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1. Coroniaid (Romans under Caesar)
2. Screaming Dragons (Red/white) 3. Guyddl Fficti, disappearing food (Picts) |
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Invasion in Mag Tuired?
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Laginian
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Invasion in Da Derga?
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Erainn
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Don
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Welsh mother Goddess, mother of Gwydion, Gilfythwy, Arianrhod, Gofannon.
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Books containing Mabinogi
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White book of Rhydderch, c..1350
Red book of Hergest, c. 1382 |
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Tochmarc Étaíne
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Wooing of Etain, c. 8th century.
-in Lebor na hUidre (c. 1106), Yellow Book of Lecan (c. 1401). |
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Rees 1st function:
-Caste -Invasion -Province |
Priestly
Tuatha De Connacht |
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Rees 2nd function:
-Caste -Invasion -Province |
Warriors
Fir Bolg Ulster |
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Rees 3rd function:
-Caste -Invasion -Province |
Farmers
Nemed Leinster |
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Rees 4th function:
-Caste -Invasion -Province |
Serfs
Partholon Munster |
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Rees 5th function:
-Caste -Invasion -Province |
Kings/Aborigines
Cessair/Sons of Mil 2nd Munster, Meath |
