C10 The Union In Peril

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Free-State

Back 1

a state in which slavery was not allowed

Hint 1

supported by "Free Soilers" & abolitionists

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Slave-State

Back 2

a state in which slavery was allowed

Hint 2

supported by plantation owners, pro-slavery politicians , southern aristocrats

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Sectionalism

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loyalty to one region of a country instead of to the whole country

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regional differences in the North , South & West

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Fugitive

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a person who runs away or escapes to freedom ( escaped slaves)

Hint 4

helped by Tubman's Underground Railroad

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Abolitionist

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a person who wanted to end slavery

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Daniel Webster warned against spread of slavery into western territories, Harriett Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin to show ills of slavery

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Underground Railroad

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a network of secret escape routes enslaved African-Americans used to reach freedom in the north

Hint 6

leader was Harriett Tubman, a former slave

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Popular Sovereignty

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a system that allowed people in a territory to make their own decisions

Hint 7

Stephen Douglas proposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 w/ each having popular sovereignty

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Extremist

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a person whose opinions are very different from those of most people

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John Brown was a radical extremist preacher & abolitionist

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Secede

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to break away from, as a state leaving the Union

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7 slave states had seceded by 1861; 8 slave states remained in the Union

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Civil War

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a war between regions or groups of people in the same countryy

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Also called the War of Northern Aggression

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Missouri Compromise of 1820

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1. Missouri would enter the Union as a slave state 2. Maine would enter the Union as a Free State 3. the rest of the Louisiana Territory would be divided by a line w/ no slavery allowed north of the line

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imaginary line was the Missouri Compromise LIne

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Regional Issues

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1. Taxes (Tariffs) on goods from other countries 2. Immigration to the USA 3. Slavery in Territories & New States

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attempts to solve these problems were Missouri C. , Compromise of 1850, & Kansas -Nebraska Act

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Compromise of 1850

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1. California would join the Union as a free state 2. In the rest of the territory from Mexico, people would decide whether or not to allow slavery 3. The slave trade would be banned in Washington , D.C. 4. Congress would pass the Fugitive Slave Law

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Senator Henry Clay wrote it

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Harriett Tubman

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the conductor on the Underground Railroad. Tracks were secret routes north to Canada, stations were hiding places in barns, houses, churches or caves . Followed North Star

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It transported 100,000 slaves in their escape to freedom

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Uncle Tom's Cabin

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written by Harriett Beecher Stowe as an Anti-slavery book about the cruelty of slavery

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Lincoln called Stowe "the little lady who made the big war"

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Kansas - Nebraska Act

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Nebraska was too far north for plantations and became a free state, Kansa would become Pro- vs. Anti slavery and split into two governments, led to violence & 200 people killed

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" Bleeding Kansas"

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Dred Scott Case

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meant that all territories were opened up to slavery once again; Northern lawmakers would not be able to keep slavery out of the western territories

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Supreme Court Justice Roger Taney expanded slavery legally; politically it caused greater sectional tensions between north and south

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Stephen Douglas

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promoted "Popular Sovereignty"
for all new states formed from territories

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Douglas said " Slavery cannot exist a day or an hour anywhere , unless it is supported by local police regulations"

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John Brown's Raid

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In 1859, Brown led a raid on Harpers Ferry , Virginia to get weapons to give African Americans to revolt against their masters. It was put down by General Robert E. Lee

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Brown and his men were hung

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Election of 1860

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Stephen Douglas vs. Abraham Lincoln wins election w/o southern states votes ; the South secedes & form Confederate States of America

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Jefferson Davis as President and Alexander Stephens as Vice-Pres.

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Fort Sumpter

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a U.S. Gov't fort in Charleston Harbor in S.C. Their supplies were cut off by southern blockade. Lincoln sent food in unarmed ships but Confederates demanded the Union fort surrender by firing on it

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April 12th, 1861, Confederates fired on the Fort beginning the Civil War. Only a mule was killed in the shelling.

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Wilmot Proviso

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an amendment proposing that none of the newly acquired Mexican territory acquired in the Mexican War would have slavery

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including California, New Mexico & Utah

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Personal Liberty Laws

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forbade the imprisonment of runaway slaves and guaranteed they get jury trials

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prevented delays in trials of 3-4 years to increase slave catcher's expenses

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"Bleeding Kansas"

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civil war between the "free- soilers and pro-slavery people of Kansas & Missouri

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Missouri was a slave state while Kansas battled between pro & anti slavery

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Nativism

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favoring the interests of native born people over foreign born people

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formed the American party also known as "Know Nothings"

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Republican Party

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formed in Michigan by Horace Greeley to keep slavery out of the western territories by opposing the Kansas Nebraska Act

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opposed the "Know Nothing " party

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State's Rights

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power struggle between the National and State governments

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Primary reason for the American Civil War

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Abraham Lincoln

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President of the United States of America

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Quote: "A house divided against itself cannot stand. " I believe the government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free

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Jefferson Davis

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President of the Confederate States of American

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a Senator from Mississippi; new constitution stated each state would be "sovereign and independent"

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The Freeport Doctrine

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idea by Stephen Douglas in 1858 that any territory could exclude slavery simply by refusing to pass laws supporting it

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Lincoln opposed this idea and won a candidacy for President

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Alexander Stephens

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The Vice-President of the Confederacy; a senator from Georgia

Hint 31

Stephens County gets its name from this politician ; nicknamed "Little Alec"

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President Buchanan

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announced Secession was illegal, but it is also illegal for me to do anything about it.

Hint 32

administration plagued by slavery-related controversies