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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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C1 REVISION
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AIR QUALITY
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What was the early atmosphere like?
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-very hot -volcanoes kept erupting releasing carbon dioxide, water vapour and nitrogen (atmosphere) -oceans formed when water vapour condensed when the earth cooled. |
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What was the atmosphere like next?
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-green plants evolved because of the co2. -a lot of co2 dissolved into oceans. -green plants removed co2 and produced O2 -when plants died they were buried under sediment layers and the carbon went into soil as fossil fuels. |
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What was the atmosphere last?
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-the build up of oxygen killed off many of the early organisms. -allowed more complex organisms to evolve -virtually no carbon dioxide left. |
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What is the atmosphere mostly made up of?
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78% nitrogen 21% oxygen 1% argon -traces of co2 and water vapour. |
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What are the five main pollutants?
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-carbon dioxide -carbon monoxide -carbon particulates -sulphur dioxide -nitrogen oxides |
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What is an example of a reaction in which the reactants have different properties to the product?
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carbon (a black solid) + oxygen (colourless gas) =carbon dioxide (colourless gas but with different properties to oxygen as can be toxic. |
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How are hydrocarbons formed to make products?
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-Many hydrocarbons are fossil fuels formed from the remains of dead plants and animals over millions of years. These fuels e.g. crude oil is drilled out and refined to make diesel and petrol. |
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What is the difference between different fuels?
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The only difference is the size of the hydrocarbons it contains
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What happens when a hydrocarbon burns?
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-The hydrogen atoms in the fuel combine with oxygen in the air to make water. -the carbon in the fuel combine with oxygen in the air to make carbon dioxide. |
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What is the difference between oxidation and reduction?
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OXIDATION- oxygen added. (combustion) REDUCTION-oxygen lost |
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How is carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and carbon particulates formed?
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dio-fuel is burnt where there is a lot of oxygen mon-little oxygen available (car engines: incomplete burning) part-little oxygen available |
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What is the effect of CO2 in the atmosphere?
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-will stay in the atmosphere until its removed from plants or dissolved in lakes/rivers. -causes greenhouse effect and sea levels rising. |
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What is the effect of CO in the atmosphere?
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-poisonous can make you drowsy and even kill you because it stops oxygen in blood.
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What is the effect of carbon particulates in the atmosphere?
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-float around in the atmosphere -deposit them as soot onto buildings making them look dirty |
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Where does sulphur dioxide come from?
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-when fuel burns, sulphur burns too combining with oxygen.
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What is the effect of sulfur dioxide in our atmosphere?
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-stays in atmosphere -reacts with moisture in clouds and dilute acid is formed which falls as acid rain. -acid rain causes acidic lakes killing plants and animals. kills trees and damages buildings. |
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Where does nitrogen pollution come from?
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-the high temps when fuel is burnt makes nitrogen and oxygen to react in the atmosphere -car engines -nitrogen monoxide reacts with more oxygen to create nitrogen dioxide. |
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What are the effects of nitrogen pollution?
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-causes dilute nitric acid when reacts with moisture which falls as acid rain.
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How can we reduce pollution from power stations?
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-use less electricity so less fossil fuels are burnt -sulfur can be taken out of natural gas and fuel oil meaning less sulphur dioxide can form. -when coal is burnt so2 and carbon particulates can be removed from chimney gasses before released. -find an alternative energy source. |
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How can we reduce pollution from cars?
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-lower sulfur cars are available meaning that less sulfur dioxide is released. -many cars have catalytic converters to convert nitrogen monoxide into nitrogen and oxygen (CO into C02) -MOT tests check its within the legal limits. -use cars less and use more public transport |
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How can cars be powered without fossil fuels?
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-run by burning biofuels which are a renewable energy source from plants and waste. -electric batteries-release no exhaust gases BUT you still need electricity to charge them (meaning burning fossil fuels=pollution) |
