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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Louis XIV
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-inherited throne in 1643 at the age of 5, assumed direction of affairs in 1661 and reigned for 72 years until his death in 1715
-made france strongest country in Europe -called Louis the Great, Grand Monarque, sun King -married sister of charles II -wanted to push French borders to the Rhine annexing the spanish Netherlands and the Free country of Burgundy -wanted entire spanish inheritance -wanted to create "universal monarchy" |
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William of Orange
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-most tireless enemy of Louis XIV
-worked to create a balance of power against him -Dutch, prince of Orange -became king of england and scotland -aka William III |
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Charles II
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-inherited spanish throne in 1665
-an unfortunate man, afflicted by many ills of the mind and body, potent, imbecile -product of breeding in the Habsburg house -could have no kids so the Spanish branch of the Habsuburgs woule die out -future of Spain, Spanish Netherlands, Spanish holdings in Italy and Spanish america all in question -died in 1700, precipitated a new Euro war by his death |
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universal monarchy
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-a political situation in which one state might subordinate all others to its will
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balance of power
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-technique used against a universal monarchy
-used to preserve own independence from tyrant -ally against any state threatening domination |
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William the Silent
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-William I, prince of Orange
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Hugo Grotius
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-produced Law of War and Peace
-a pioneering treatise on international law |
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Baruch Spinoza
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-from a family of refugee Portugese Jews
-turned out works of philosophy, examining the nature of reality, of human conduct, and of church and state -made living by grinding lenses |
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Rembrandt
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-Dutch painter
-conveyed mystery of human consciousness itself -painted Master of the Cloth Guild |
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Vermeer
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-dutch painter
-threw a spell of magic and quiet dignity over men, and especially women, of the burgher class, many of whom he portrayed in typical domestic scenes -painted the Geographer, Girl reading a letter at an open window, and the artist's studio |
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Hals
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-Dutch painter
-produced bluff portraits of the common people |
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Leeuwenhoek
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-became founder of modern biological science
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House of Orange
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-family which ruled the Dutch republic as the staholder for some time
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United Provinces
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-individual states in the Dutch empire
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Bank of Amsterdam
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-founded by Dutch in 1609
-accepted deposits from mixed money and from all persons and countries -allowed depositors to withdraw equal amounts in gold florins minted by the Bank -these became internationally sought money -Amsterdam remained financial center of europe till French revolution |
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James I
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-inherited english crown after death of Elizabeth
-son of Mary Stuart |
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Charles I
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-son of James I
-tried to rule without parliament, revolution of england during his reighn -put to death for treason |
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Oliver Cromwell
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--most powerful leader of Parliamentary forces
-put Charles I to dath for treason |
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Long Parliament
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-when Charles I called for new elections to the English parliament and the same men returned to stay for 20 years
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Rump Parliament
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--the 50 to 60 men left in the Parliament after cromwell drove out almost 100
-condemned Charles I of treason |
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Roundheads
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-parlimentary forces, putitans, name from the close haircuts they had
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New Model Army
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-Cromwell organized, helped to fight for parliamentary forces
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Commonwealth
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-the whole republic of the British Isles
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Diggers
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-occupied and cultivated common lands or lands privately owned, in a general repudiation of property
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Levellers
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- party who would today be known as radical political democrats
-chief spokesman was John Lilburne -appealing to natural rights and to the rights of Englishmen, asked for universal manhood suffrage, equality of representatioin, a written constitution, and subordination of Parliament to a refromed body of voters |
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Quakers
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-Society of Friends
-founded by George Fox -insisted that all elievers could have new revelations of spiritual truth by rejecting various social and religious hierarchies and by allowing or even encouraging women to preach at their meetings |
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Lord Protector
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-Cromwell tried to rule under this title through representative bodies devised by himself and his followers under a written constitution the Instrument of Government
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Restoration
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-after Cromwells death his son failed to keep the protectorate, and england was restored to a monarchy through Charles II
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Charles II
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-in 1660 restored the monarachy and the Church of England in England
-did no want to provoke parliament -wanted to duplicate Louis XIV's monarchy -secret treaty of dover |
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James II
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-became king in 1685
-antagonized those agains catholicism |
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William III
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-married to mary the daughter of james II
-wanted to become king of england to attack france |
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Test Act
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-required all office holders to take communion in the Church of England
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Declaration of Indulgence
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-nonenforcement laws against dissenters
-said king favored general toleration |
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Dissenters
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-of the element formerly called Puritan and then refusing to accept restored Church of England
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Battle of the Boyne
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-william III defeats a french and Irish force led by james II
-constituional liberties in England saved and Anglican Protestantism remained the official religion of England |
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Bill of Rights
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-wnacted in 1689
-said no law could be suspended by a king, no taxes could be raised or army maintained except by parliamentary consent, and no subject could be arrested and detained without legal process |
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Toleration Act
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-all protestant dissenters to practice their religion byt still excluded them from political life and public service
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Act of Settlement
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-decentralized the administration of the Poor Law, making each parish responisble only for its own paupers
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Act of Union
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-when united kingdom of great britian was created, included scotland and england
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Bank of England
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-originated in 1694
-started bc of englands new found wealth |
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Irish penal code
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-banished catholic clergy, catholics forbidden to bot or sit in Irish parliament, catholic teachers could not teach, catholic parents were forbidden to send children overseas for education in catholic schools etc.
-bans on catholic life |
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"squirearchy
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-the social, economic, and political class formed by the landed gentry.
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gentlemen
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-landowning, wealthy, numerous, eduated, and self conscious men who were able to rule england
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Glorious Revolution
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-what the english refered the events of 1688 as
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Louis XIV
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-understood french culture sustained the empire
-helped finance his fave painters and writers |
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Poussin
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-French painter
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Lorrain
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-french painter
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Corneille
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-french author
-wrote austere tragedies on the personal conflicts and social relations of human life |
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Racine
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-french author
-wrote austere tragedies on the personal conflicts and social relations of human life |
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Moliere
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-in his comedies, ridiculed bumbling doctors, new-rich bourgeois, and foppish aristocrats making the word "marquis" almost a joke in the French language
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La Fontaine
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-gave world his animal fables
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Descartes
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-great french mathamatician and scientific thinker
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Pascal
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-french scientest who was also a profound spokesman for christianity
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Bayle
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-father of modern skeptics
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Colbert
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-great administer to Louis XIV
-wanted to make france a self-sufficing economic unit -expand export of their goods, and increase the wealth from which fobernment income was drawn -made commercial code which replaced much of the local customary law with a new model of business practice and regulation |
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Mazarin
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-the Fronde directed at this cardinal who was ruling in Louis XIV's name
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salons
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-unofficial gathering places for parisian nobles, wealthy professional persons, and creative writers or artists
-created by upper class women who invited ppl into their homes to discuss philosophy, lit. and art |
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classicism
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-the principles or styles characteristic of the literature and art of ancient Greece and Rome.
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Fronde
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-broke out after the peace of westphalia
-an abortive revolution, led by the same elements the parlements and the nobility, which were to initiate the great French Revolution in 1789 |
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parliaments
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-abt a dozen of these which were small regions which had developed couts of law each being the supreme court for a certain area of the country
-upheld certain "fundamental laws" which the king could not overstep |
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Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
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-1685
-prohibited protestants from practicing, many fled while the persecution happened |
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Leopold I
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-emperor of the Holy Roman Empire,
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the Dutch War
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- war instigated by the French because they were trying to invade the Dutch provinces of the lower Rhine
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League of Augsburg
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-catholic and protestant enemies of Louis XIV who came together in 1686 which comprised the Holy Roman Empire, the kings of Spain and Sweden, the electors of Bavaria, Saxony, and Palatinate and the Dutch Republic
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Franche-Comte
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- Spanish province taken by the French during the Dutch war
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Alsace and Lorraine
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-territory wanted by the French
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Elector of Brandenburg
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-forerunner of the kings of Prussia
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Grand Coalition
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-alliance formed by William of Orange to counter Louis XIV's hope to take spanish lands
-included England, Holland, and the austrian emperor, supported by brandenburg and eventually by Portugal and the Italian duchy of Savoy |
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Peace of Utrecht
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-1713
-partitioned the world of Spain but it did not divide it between the two legal claimants only |
