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11 Cards in this Set
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Provides decreased friction between the two layers
Fixes heart within mediastinum and limits its motion Prevents sudden over-expansion of the heart Serves as potential barrier to spread of infection ...these are the four functions of what? Is the pt always sx when these functions are altered? Is dz of this usually caused by a single thing or by multiple things? |
Pericardium.
No. Multifactorial. |
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What are the four types of pericardial dz?
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Effusions, actue pericarditis, chronic pericarditis, cardiac tamponade.
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Pt presents with chest pain, fever, dyspnea, sharp "pleuritic" component and positional discomfort. There is an audible friction rub on auscultation, percussion finds enlarged ht, and there is a *decreased* cardiac impulse upon palpitation.
... dz? Next steps? |
Acute pericarditis
figure out the etiolgy (do a fluid analysis), CBC, seriology, TB skin test. Survery for malignancy. |
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What determines the presentation/characteristics of the pericardial fluid in pericarditis?
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the etiology. know transudate vs exudate
... look for infection and neoplasia. |
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Label each sample of pericardial fluid.
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left is exudate, right is transudate.
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What is the most likely etiology of the shown pericarditis?
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Bacterial, could also be fungal.
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Which etiologies of pericarditis can cause a granulomatous nodularity?
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TB and sarcoidosis.
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Which are normal? Which show fibrinous pericarditis? What are some causes of fibrinous pericarditis?
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left = normal, right = fibrinous per.
SLE, ARhFever, Uremic (from ARF) |
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Can ARF cause pericarditis? Can neoplasms cause it? Xrt?
Presentation? |
Yes, all can.
They'll present differently, but know that pericarditis is the final common pathway for a wide variety of etiologic processes. |
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What is cardiac tamponade?
Etiologies? Sx? |
Rapid accumulation of fluid under elevate pressure
Acute compression of cardiac chambers Compromise of chamber filling Decline in stroke volume and cardiac output Severe acute compromise of cardiac function Any rapid-filling pericarditis.. something like an AAneurysm, direct ht stab, wall rupture from massive MI could all lead to hemopericardium. Sx = hypotension from decreased filling --> \CO |
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What is constrictive pericarditis?
Biggest historical Etiology? Current in US? Pathology? |
a chronic fibrosing pericardial disorder
- compression of ht, restriction of chamger filling - R sided fail, \CO TB, still a factor in 3rd world idiopathic, Xrt, Ht surg spectrium: adhesive mild pericarditis --> "encased in concrete" obliteration of pericardial space - marked fibrous thickening (>2mm) |
