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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Left and Right Scoliosis are called ?
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Levo- and Dextro-
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Which part of the curve is the apex?
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The most laterally deviated segment
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Which parts of the curve are defined as the end vertebrae of a scoliosis?
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At the end of the curve, or with the most slant towards the convexity
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Explain the Hueter-Volkmann Principle?
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Wedge-shaped structural curve formation due to compressive forces on vertebrae during skeletal growth
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Stuctural Curve prognosis? Response to lateral flexion?
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Generally progressive. Rotational Deformity. Major/Primary Curve ususally.
Failure to correct with flexion. |
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Name the 6 types of structural scoliosis?
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Idiopathic
Congenital Developmental Neuromuscular Post-Traumatic Inflammatory/Neoplastic/Bone Softening |
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What is the most common type of structural scoliosis?
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Idiopathic 80% (esp. Adolescent: 90% Female, 10-18yoa)
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Congenital causes of Scoliosis due to formation and segmentation failure?
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Formation: Hemivertebra
Segmentation: Block Vertebra |
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Mixed congenital syndromes causing scoliosis?
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Klippel-Feil, Caudal Regression
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Name 2 mesenchymal Disorders resulting in scoliosis?
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Marfan's
Ehrlers-Danlos |
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3 Metabolic Disorders leading to scoliosis?
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Homocystinuria
Rickets Osteogenesis Imperfecta |
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Disease of the nervous system leading to developmental scoliosis?
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Neurofibromatosis
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Typical features of neuropathic scoliosis?
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- A distinctively a long C-shaped curve, frequently extending from the sacrum to the lower cervical region
- M/C Poliomyelitis - Convex side is oriented toward the unaffected muscle group |
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Red flags of left sided thoracic scoliosis? (Suspicion for intraspinal pathology)
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A scoliosis of 15° or more occurring before the age of 11. May indicate tumors of the spinal cord or vertebrae, syringomyelia, and Arnold-Chiari malformations (MRI best evaluated)
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Name some Post-Traumatic scoliosis causers?
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-Vertebral Fracture
-Radiation -Surgical -Micro-trauma (Spondylo) -Degenerative -Extraspinal contractures (post- burns) |
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Inflammatory/Neoplastic causes of scoliosis (name 3)
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• Tuberculosis
• Pyogenic Infection • Vertebral Column tumors (Osteoid osteoma/Osteoblastoma/Paget’s Disease) |
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Prognosis of Nonstructural curves? Response to lateral flexion?
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Generally non-progressive, mild, no rotational component. Corrects on lateral flexion.
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Name two methods of Scoliosis Mensuration?
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Cobbs (lines drawn from most distal ends of most caudad/cephalad vertebrae from the apex.
1. 0-20 | 2. 20-30 | 3. 30-50 4. 50-75 | 5. 75-100 | 6. 100-125 7. 125+ Risser-Ferguson Central points of key vertebrae |
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Preferred method of scoliosis measurement?
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Cobbs!
R-F preferred for congenital curves. |
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What measurement of skeletal age is it important to take with Scoliosis assessment?
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Iliac Epiphysis (Risser’s Sign)
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A spondylolisthesis is defined as ______ displacement of a vertebral body in relation to which neigbouring segement?
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Anterior displacement in relation to its most proximal *caudal* segment.
nb. Retrolisthesis is posterior movement in relation to the segment below. |
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What is a Spondylolysis?
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An interruption of the pars, uni or bilaterally. DOES NOT indicate a spondylolisthesis (unless otherwise specified)
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