C++ Basics

Front 1

Operators - Compound Assignment

Back 1

+= x+=5 is the same as x = x + 5

-= x-=5 is the same as x = x - 5

*= x*=5 is the same as x = x * 5

/= x/=5 is the same as x = x / 5

Front 2

Operators - Increment and Decrement

Back 2

++ x++ is the same as x = x +1 or x+=1

-- x-- is the same as x = x - 1 or x-=1

Front 3

Operators - Relational and Comparison

Back 3

== equal to

!= not equal

< less than

> greater than

<= less than or equal to

>= greater than or equal to

Front 4

bool

Back 4

Holds true or false

bool test = true;

if(test)

Front 5

char

Back 5

Holds a single character

char test = 'a';

Front 6

int

Back 6

Holds an integer(whole number)

int test = 12;

Front 7

float

Back 7

Holds a single-precision floating point value

float test = 1.000045;

Front 8

double

Back 8

Holds a double-precision floating point value

double test = 1.000000000006;

Front 9

Operators - Arithmetic

Back 9

Addition +

Subtraction -

Multiplication *

Division /

Modulus %

Front 10

Operators - Assignment

Back 10

=

x = 3;

Always works from right to left

Front 11

Operators - Logical

Back 11

! not

&& and

|| or

Front 12

Decision making statements

Back 12

if

switch

? : - conditional

Front 13

Loops

Back 13

for

while

do while

Front 14

for loop

Back 14

for(int i = 0; i < x; i++)

{

}

Use when you want x number of loops

Front 15

while loop

Back 15

while( x < 5)

{

}

Use when you want to loop until a condition is met

Front 16

do while loops

Back 16

do

{

}while ( x < 5)

Use when the code in the loop MUST run at least once before a condition is met

Front 17

if

Back 17

if(x == 3) Must be a Boolean expression

{ ( equal to true or false)

}

else

{

}

Front 18

switch

Back 18

switch(test)

{ Used to compare to a list of values

case 1:

code;

break;

default:

code;

}

Front 19

? : Conditional

Back 19

Same as if but can be used inline

cout << ( i > j ? i : j ) << " is greater." << endl;

Front 20

Function

Back 20

a group of statements that is given a name, and which can be called from some point of the program

must be declared before its used

Front 21

cin

Back 21

Used to get input from the console

cin >> x;

can use for multiple inputs separated by spaces

cin >> x >> y >> z;

Front 22

getline

Back 22

Used to input a string with spaces

getline(cin, x);

must use cin.ignore(); before if its after a cin

Front 23

cout

Back 23

Used to output to the console

cout <<"hello world";

cout << x << " + " << y << " is " << x + y;

Front 24

string

Back 24

Data type that holds a sequence of characters

must #include

Front 25

Array

Back 25

A variable that holds a series of values of the same data type

int test [3] = { 1, 2, 3};

for(int x = 0; x < test.size(); x++){

cout << test[x] << endl;

}