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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
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988
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Baptism of Kievan Rus-
Prince Vladimir, Byzantine bishop, Byzantine craftsman. Plant position of the altar, Simon golden belt. 20 belt lengths. First church in Vladimir's Kingdom. Center of Kievan Rus. Old technology of Greece and Rome in parts of the world they never managed to conquer. |
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1282
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Sicilian Vespers is the name given to the successful rebellion on the island of Sicily that broke out on Easter against the rule of the French/Capetian king Charles I, who had ruled the Kingdom of Sicily since 1266. Within six weeks, three thousand French men and women were slain by the rebels and the government of King Charles lost control of the island. It was the beginning of the eponymous War of the Sicilian Vespers.
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Bashi-Bazouks
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The bashi-bazouks were the first envoy which the Sultan sent out during the Battle against Constantinople in 1453. They were a very diverse group of Europeans and Turks. They fought mostly for the pay that the Sultan promised. They provided their own arms. They were unreliable, excellent at their first onrush but easily discouraged if they were not at once successful. Knowing this weakness, Mehmet placed them behind a military police to keep the group from wavering.
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Bessarion
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Mr. Byzantium. Just before conquest of Constantinople. He was Bishop of Rome. Plethon's most brilliant pupil. Made Cardinal of Rome. Made a villa by city walls. memory of old Byzantium. Spent his life making a memorial for Byzantium by founding an academy of scholars. Tried to hold idea of Byzantium. 1452 wrote to Mistra condoning to Plethon's sons saying Plethon was his teacher, father, and friend. Last letter of Byzatium. Preserved ideas of Byzantium. Supported many exiled from Byzantium.
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Boghaz-kesen
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The Boghaz-kesen is a castle that Mehmet II had built on the Bosphorus, but was still on Byzantine land. It was Mehmet’s first move towards the siege of Constantinople. Constantine countered by imprisoning all the Turks in the city, but then released them. Constantine then sent envoys of gifts to ask that no Greek cities be harmed, but Mehmet paid no attention. When Constantine sent his ambassadors, Mehmet had them imprisoned and decapitated which was virtually a declaration of war. Boghaz-kesen meant literally “the cutter of the throat” but is now called Rumeli Hisar.
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Critoblulus
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Critobolus was an official at Imbros at the time of the siege. The hero of his writing is the Sultan. Critobolus was moved and impressed by the heroism of the Greeks and makes no attempt to palliate their sufferings, though he is inclined to overlook the savageries committed by Mehmet. His account is of supreme importance as he obtained his information from Turks as well as Greeks who were present .runciman 194
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Enrico Dandolo
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4th crusade he, from Venice, agreed to give Pope Innocent III 4,500 knights, 9,000 squires, 20,000 foot soldiers, and food for nine months along with fifty fully equipped galleys for 84,000 silver marks. The doge. he was blind. He director the conquest and sack of Constantinople and made it a Latin Empire.
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field of blackbirds
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a battle between the army led by Serbian Prince Lazar Hrebeljanović, and the invading army of the Ottoman Empire under the leadership of Sultan Murad I. in 1389 Sultan Murad advanced on the plain of Kosovo. It destroyed the Serbian nation and proved that the Ottomans were unconquerable.
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furta sacra
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Holy Theft. The west mostly Venice was stealing Holy relics from the churches of Constantinople during the fourth Crusade.
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Gennadios
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Born in Byzantium. Christian. Exclusive member of society of God's kingdom. Made Gennadios leader of the Church of Christ Pantocrator and authority of Christians of his Empire.
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Grand Company
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band of professional Spanish mercenaries, led by Roger De Flor, recruited by Peter of Aragon for use in his North African and Sicilian campaigns. They were mostly from Catalonia. Roger offered his services to Andronicus for nine months, in return for double the pay, he was to appointed Megas Dux (fifth in the Byzantine hierarchy, and to receive the hand in marriage of the Emperor’s niece, Maria.
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Greek states post-1204
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The largest and most important was the Empire of Nicaea, where Alexius III's son in law Theodore Lascaris was crowned in 1208. The Despotate of Ephesus was founded soon after the capture of Constantinople by Michael Comnenus Ducas. The Empire of Trebizond, was not the result of the fall of Constantinople. Founded in April 1204 by Alexius and David Comnenus.
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Hesychasm
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Literally "Holy Silence". they were a small group of Orthodox hermits. The Orthodox Church had always maintained a tradition of mysticism. 1330's Gregory of Sinai spread the word that through certain physical techniques, it was possible to obtain a vision of the divine Light that had surrounded Jesus Christ at his Transfiguration. Aroused Byzantine passion of disputation. the Emperor had to call the Council of the Church and resulted in an overwhelming victory for the hesychasts.
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John Skylitzes
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was a Greek historian of the late 11th century. which covers the reigns of the Byzantine emperors from the death of Nikephoros I in 811 to the deposition of Michael VI in 1057; it continues the chronicle of Theophanes the Confessor. The most famous manuscript of the Synopsis was produced in Sicily in the 12th century, and is now at the Biblioteca Nacional de España in Madrid, so is known as the Madrid Skylitzes. The Madrid Skylitzes contained over 500 illustrations including Greek Fire.
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Kerkoporta
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Just when the Christians were defending the walls pretty well, the corner of the Blachernae wall, just before it joined the double Theodosian wall, contained a small sally-port known as the Kerkoporta. Just before the siege began it had been reopened, to allow sorties into the enemy’s flank. Someone returning from a sortie forgot to bar the little gate after him. Some Turks noticed the opening and rushed through it into the courtyard behind it and began to climb up the stairs leading to the top of the wall. The Christians who were just outside the gate saw what was happening and crowded back to retake control of it and to prevent other Turks from following. In the confusion, some fifty Turks were left inside the wall, where they could have been surrounded and eliminated if at that moment a worse disaster had not occurred. With the Genoese pouring through the entry after Giustiniani, the Turks were following them through the gate.
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Laetentur coeli
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This became the Laetentur coeli “let the heaens rejoice”.
the council was moved from Ferrara to Florence when a plague hit Ferrara. After much discussion, the Greeks agreed to accept the Filioque and also the Latin statements on purgatory, the Eucharist, and papal primacy. The decree of union between the two groups was signed on July 6, 1439. After their return to Constantinople, many of the Greeks repudiated the reunion. Meanwhile, the Latins completed union agreements with certain other Eastern churches. |
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Michael VII
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He recovered Constantinople from the Latin Empire in 1261 and transformed the Empire of Nicaea into a restored Byzantine Empire. blinded co-emperor John Lascaris on his eleventh birthday. he was too preoccupied in fighting King of Anjou that the Turks had their way with the empire.
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Mistra
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On the slopes of the Taygetus range in the southern Pelopennese, this city had been founded by William of Villehardouin in 1249, but twelve years later he was obliged to surrender it to Byzantium. As the Latins were gradually retreating, Mistra had grown steadily in size. By 1400 it had developed into something far more than a mere provincial capital. It was now an artistic, intellectual and religious center comparable with what Constantinople had been a century before.
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Photios
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810-891 Patriarch of Constantinople in 857-867 and 877-886. Bibliotheca, a collection of extracts and abridgements of 280 volumes of classical authors. The Lexicon, published later than the Bibliotheca, was probably in the main the work of some of his pupils. It was intended as a book of reference to facilitate the reading of old classical and sacred authors, whose language and vocabulary were out of date. Amphilochia, a collection of some 300 questions and answers on difficult points in Scripture.
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Plethon
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Procopius of Caesarea
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Palestine 500-565. Accompanying the general Belisarius in the wars of the Emperor Justinian I, he became the principal historian of the 6th century, writing the Wars of Justinian, the Buildings of Justinian and the celebrated Secret History.
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Theodoros Metochites
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was a Byzantine statesman, author, gentleman philosopher, and patron of the arts. From c. 1305 to 1328 he held the position of personal adviser (mesazōn) to emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos. comprises 20 Poems in dactylic hexameter, 18 orations (Logoi), Commentaries on Aristotle’s writings on natural philosophy, an introduction to the study of Ptolemaic astronomy (Stoicheiosis astronomike), and 120 essays on various subjects, the Semeioseis gnomikai.
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Theodoros Prodromos
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was a Byzantine writer, well known for his prose and poetry in the 12th century. The Battle of Cats and Mice is a parody drama of the classical Greek tragedies, with dramatic roles for the mice.
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Timur/Tamerlane
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Urban
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Voronetz
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most beautiful of Rumania's monasteries. Cross is on throne of Byzantium. On the left is all the Byzantines in heaven, on the right is the Turks in hell. Made in 1488 after the fall of Constantinople
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