Bvi, W Vi

Front 1

what is Virchow's triad and when is it seen?

Back 1

1. endothelial injury
2. hypercoagulable state
3. circulatory stasis
*seen in clotting disorders

Front 2

name some diseases that contribute to a hyperthrombotic state (5)

Back 2

1. DM
2. hypertension
3. hyperlipidemia
4. cancer
5. obesity

Front 3

name some medications that contribute to a hypercoaguable state (4)

Back 3

1. OCs
2. HRT
3. Thalidomide
4. Cox-2 inhibitors

Front 4

what are some mechanical factors that contribute to a prothrombitic state? (3)

Back 4

1. surgery
2. immobilization
3. trauma

Front 5

anticoagulant therapies can target either the arterial or the venous side. for each of the following therapies: state what side they affect.
1. Aspirin
2. tPA
3. heparin
4. warfarin
5. clopidogrel

Back 5

1. arterial
2. arterial or venous
3. venous
4. venous
5. arterial

Front 6

which clotting factor does LMWH inhibit?

Back 6

factor IIa
(also factor Xa)

Front 7

what test is used to monitor heparin?

Back 7

PTT

Front 8

1. which type of clot is known as a red clot?
2. which type of clot is known as a white clot?

Back 8

1. venous clot (contains primarily fibrin)
2. arterial clot (contains primarily platelets)

Front 9

what is the major complication seen in antiphospholipid antibody syndrome?

Back 9

increased arterial and venous thrombotic risk

Front 10

what are the two therapies for antiphospholipid antibody syndrome?

Back 10

1. aspirin
2. warfarin

Front 11

what are the clinical risks of an antithrombin III, protein C or S deficiency?

Back 11

DVT/PE
pregenancy associated with a high risk

Front 12

what is administered as therapy for hyperhomocysteinemia?

Back 12

folate
B6
B12

Front 13

what test is elevated in a case of DVT or PE?

Back 13

D-Dimer

Front 14

therapies for DVT? (2)

Back 14

tPA
Heparin

Front 15

which anticoagulant cannot be used during pregnancy?

Back 15

Warfarin
(Heparin can be used b/c it doesn't cross the placenta)

Front 16

whay are first trimester miscarriages more common in hypercoagulable states?

Back 16

blood clots form in the placenta

Front 17

what are some classic clinical s/s seen in disorders of platelet and blood vessel wall interaction?

Back 17

1. epistaxis
2. external bleeding everywhere!
3. iron deficiency

Front 18

with what deficiency would you see the "fingerprint sign"?
(spontaneous bruising)

Back 18

disorders of fibrin generation

Front 19

describe the bleeding seen in disorders of fibrin formation.

Back 19

- internal bleeding
- delayed bleeding (ie. in surgery)
- hematuria
- iron deficiency NOT a feature

Front 20

how does a resting platelet become activated?

Back 20

by coming into contact with collagen

Front 21

what happens when a platelet is activated?

Back 21

1. pseudopods form
2. granules "shoot out" via cannalicular system (need Ca++ for this to occur)
3. activated platelets then spit out ADP to activate surrounding platelets

Front 22

what molecule binds platelets together?

Back 22

fibrinogen
(via glc IIB/IIIa receptors)

Front 23

what molecule binds platelets to the vessel wall?

Back 23

vWF
(glc Ib is recepor on plts)

Front 24

besides collagen and ADP, what other molecules can stimulate platelet aggregation? (4)

Back 24

1. Thrombin
2. Thromboxane A2
3. platelet activating factor
4. epinephrine

Front 25

describe the primary and secondary waves of platelet aggragation...

Back 25

1. primary wave - activated by collagen
2. secondary wave - activated by already activated platelets (they spit out ADP which activates surrounding plts)

Front 26

a damaged endothelial cell releases __________, which activates the extrinsic coagulation cascade.

Back 26

tissue factor

Front 27

fibrin generation is restricted to the sites of injury. why?

Back 27

this prevents generalized thrombosis / DIC

Front 28

1. A red topped blood collection tube contains ?
2. what happens to blood when it enters the tube?

Back 28

1. nothing
2. blood coagulates, forming a serum level and a clot level

Front 29

1. a "tiger topped" tube contains?
2. blood looks like?

Back 29

1. coagulation activating gel
2. blood also separates into serum and clot

Front 30

1. a green topped tube contains?
2. blood looks like?

Back 30

1. heparin
2. NO CLOT

Front 31

1. a purple tube contains?
2. blood looks like?

Back 31

1. EDTA (Ca++ binder)
2. NO CLOT
(EDTA removes Ca++ from plasma; plts can't bind to clotting factors without Ca++ = no clot)

Front 32

1. A yellow top tube contains?
2. blood looks like?

Back 32

1. citrate
2. same as purple tube

Front 33

when blood is in a tube and it doesn't clot - what layers does it separate into?

Back 33

plasma (fibrinogen and clotting factors)

RBCs

Front 34

1. PTT measures the clotting time of which pathway?
2. PT measures clotting time of which pathway?

Back 34

1. intrinsic
2. extrinsic

Front 35

the TT test is a direct measure of?

Back 35

thrombin (IIa) activity

Front 36

inheritance pattern of vWD?

Back 36

autosomal dominant

Front 37

hemophilia A is primarily a disorder of?

Back 37

factor VIII
(fibrin generation)

Front 38

inheritance pattern of hemophilia A?

Back 38

XL

Front 39

hemophilia A displays changes in which lab test?

Back 39

prolonged PTT

Front 40

inheritance pattern of severe (type III) vWD?

Back 40

autosomal recessive

Front 41

type III vWD presents with what lab abnormality?

Back 41

prolonged PTT

Front 42

Hemophilia B is a deficiency of?

Back 42

factor IX
(fibrin generation disorder)

Front 43

hypofibrinogenemia is a deficiency in?

Back 43

factor I

Front 44

inheritance pattern of hypofibrinogenemia?

Back 44

autosomal dominant

Front 45

lab test changes seen in hypofibrinogenemia?

Back 45

prolonged PTT, PT
(hemorrhagic and thrombotic risk)

Front 46

inheritance pattern of factor two deficiency

Back 46

autosomal recessive

Front 47

lab test changes seen in factor II deficiency?

Back 47

prolonged PT, PTT

Front 48

lab test seen in factor VII deficiency?

Back 48

prolonged PT

Front 49

factor VII deficiency in neonates carries an increased risk of?

Back 49

neonatal CNS bleed

Front 50

inheritance pattern of protein C or S deficiency?

Back 50

autosomal dominant

Front 51

factor V Leiden deficiency is associated with?

Back 51

increased risk of DVT, PE
(risk of arterial disease not increased)

Front 52

describe the levels of the following in early DIC
1. coagulation factors
2. D-Dimer
3. PTT
4. platelets

Back 52

1. increased
2. increased
3. decreased
4. normal

Front 53

describe the levels of the following in late DIC
1. coagulation factors
2. D-Dimer
3. PTT/PT
4. platelets

Back 53

1. decreased
2. increased
3. increased
4. decreased

Front 54

this protozoa causes...?
Naegleria

Back 54

amoebic meningioencephalitis

Front 55

this protozoa causes...?
Trympanosoma brucei

Back 55

african sleeping sickness

Front 56

this protozoa causes...?
Trympanosoma cruzi

Back 56

Chagas disease

Front 57

this protozoa causes...?
Leischmania donovani

Back 57

leischmaniasis

Front 58

this protozoa causes...?
Plasmodium

Back 58

malaria

Front 59

this protozoa causes...?
Toxoplasma gondii

Back 59

toxoplasmosis

Front 60

this flatworm causes?
Schistosoma

Back 60

schistosomiasis

Front 61

this filarial roundworm causes?
Wucheraria bancrofti, Brugia malayi

Back 61

elephantiasis

Front 62

this filarial roundworm causes?
Loa loa

Back 62

calabar swelling

Front 63

this filarial roundworm causes?
Onchocera volvulus?

Back 63

river blindness

Front 64

main symptoms and presentation of amoebic meningioencephalitis caused by Naegleria fowleri?

Back 64

- enters body via nasal mucosa
- meningioencephalitis causing death within one week

Front 65

reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei (af. sleeping sickness)?

Back 65

Tse-tse fly

Front 66

reservoir for Trypanosoma cruzi?

Back 66

Reduviid bug

Front 67

two phases of chagas disease? difference between the two?

Back 67

1. Acute phase - periorbital edema, fever
2. chronic phase - UNDETECTABLE PARASITEMIA, causes cardiomyopathy, autoimmune disease

Front 68

what type of cells does Leischmania prefers to infect and where do they "live?"

Back 68

macrophages in the skin and viscera

Front 69

insect vector for leischmania

Back 69

sandfly

Front 70

what is the sole mammalian reservoir of plasmodium species?

Back 70

human