Buzz Words Spring Path Test 2

Front 1

AD, FGF receptor 3 mutation, defect in cell signalling

Back 1

Achondroplasia

Front 2

FGF receptor 3 mutation, defect in growth plate, LETHAL

Back 2

Thanataphoric dwarfism

Front 3

AD defect in Collagen Type 1 synthesis --> skeletal fragility
Type 1 --> survival, c fractures + blue sclerae
Type 2 --> lethal in utero
Type 3 --> survival, fractures, short stature

Back 3

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Front 4

Reduction in bone mass, progressive microfractures, vertebral collapse, from inc resorption or dec deposition, exercise is tx

Back 4

Osteoporosis

Front 5

Bones become heavy, medullary canal obliterated, ends of long bones become "erlenmyer flask deformities" narrowed foramina compresses CN's, tx c bone marrow transplant

Back 5

Osteopetrosis

Front 6

Carbonic anhydrase mutation leading to heavy/thick bones, break like chalk

Back 6

Osteopetrosis

Front 7

Malignant vs benign osteopetrosis

Back 7

Malignant - AR, death in early childhood
Benign - AD, discovered after x-ray from repeat fractures

Front 8

Osteoclast-osteoblast imbalance, ass'd c viral infection, presents c increase in bone density in 1+ bones and shows a jigsaw pattern

Back 8

Paget's Disease

Front 9

Pain, furious osteoclastic resorption leading to hectic bone formation and osteosclerosis, high ALK PHOS and tx c calcitonin and bisphosphonates

Back 9

Paget's Disease

Front 10

Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica, causes brown tumor from microfracture c hemorrhage, shows dissecting osteitis on micro (osteoclasts tunneling through bone)

Back 10

Hyper PTH

Front 11

Deficiency in matrix mineralization, from low Vit D

Back 11

Rickets/ Osteomalacia

Front 12

This can lead to secondary hyperparathyroidism, hypocalcemia, increased osteoclast activity, poor mineralization of bone, osteosclerosis, growth retardation, osteoporosis

Back 12

Renal Osteodystrophy

Front 13

Inflammation of bone from pyogenic bacteria, leads to inflammatory reaction and bone ischemia / necrosis, usually from S. Aureus
Neonates - meta / epiphysis
Kids - metaphysis
Adults - epiphysis / subchondral

Back 13

Osteomyelitis

Front 14

Brodie Abscesses

Back 14

Osteomyelitis

Front 15

Severe destruction of vertebrae, extensive necrosis, infection spreads through medullary cavity

Back 15

Tuberculosis Osteomyelitis

Front 16

TB infection of the spine

Back 16

Pott's Disease

Front 17

Disseminated syphillis that can infect bone

Back 17

Skeletal Syphillis, can be congenital or acquired

Front 18

Slow growing benign bone tumor, solitary except in Gardner Syndrome, projects from bone surface in skull/face

Back 18

Osteoma

Front 19

Benign bone tumor, <2cm, in bone cortex in lower leg, severe pain occuring at night and RELIEVED by ASA

Back 19

Osteoid Osteoma

Front 20

Identical to otseoid osteoma but in the spine

Back 20

Osteoblastoma

Front 21

Most common primary bone sarcoma, can create bone matrix, 75% UNDER AGE 20 @ site of greatest bone growth, sunburst pattern, can cause codman's triangle

Back 21

Osteosarcoma

Front 22

Common benign bone tumor, solitary in late adolescence + early adulthood, stalk of cartilage with bone behind it, discovered incidentally

Back 22

Osteochondroma

Front 23

Osteochondroma that projects the toenail upwards

Back 23

Subungal Exostosis

Front 24

Benign tumor of hyaline cartilage, arise intraosseously, usually solitary on the hands/feet, can cause ollier disease or mafuci syndrome

Back 24

Enchondroma

Front 25

Unilateral, sporadic deformity of development, large lower forearm bone growth compared to the upper forearm bone growth

Back 25

Ollier's Disease

Front 26

Multiple endochondromas on the fingertips, can cause brain + ovary tumors

Back 26

Maffuci syndrome

Front 27

Rare benign cartilage tumor that arises directly adjacent to the joint, acts like arthritis, very painful

Back 27

Chondroblastoma

Front 28

Rare, benign tumor, @ metaphysis of long bones, eccentric shape, well delineated c sclerotic rim

Back 28

Chondromyxoid fibroma

Front 29

Malignant, cartilage producing tumor @ >40yo, causes the silver shiny growth inside bones, may thicken the bone cortex, tumor grade = outlook good/bad

Back 29

Chondrosarcoma

Front 30

Small lesions c minimal growth replaced by bone, sharply demarcated and radiolucent, extremely common, at metaphysis at knee

Back 30

Fibrous Cortical Defect / Non-ossifying fibroma

Front 31

GNAS mutation in embryo, benign local areas of arrested bone development, causes shepherd hook deformity, ground glass appearance, C's and W's in marrow micro

Back 31

Fibrous Dysplasia

Front 32

Only one bone affected in fibrous dysplasia, mutation late in development

Back 32

Monostotic Fibrous dysplasia

Front 33

Mutation early in development, multiple bones affected, craniofacial involvement

Back 33

Polyostotic Fibrous dysplasia

Front 34

Cafe-au-lait spots, endocrinopathies, precocious puberty common, shows sx in multiple bones and endocrine organs

Back 34

McCune-Albright Syndrome

Front 35

Malignant aggressive bone tumor in medullary cavity, @ DIAPHYSIS, t(11:22), shows small round blue cells, painful mass

Back 35

Ewing's Sarcoma

Front 36

Benign, but locally aggressive bone tumor, EPIPHYSIS @ knee, 20-40yo, soap bubble lesions, yellow cystic mass

Back 36

Giant Cell Tumor of Bone

Front 37

Blood filled cavities in bone, benign tumor, 17p13

Back 37

Aneurysmal Bone cyst

Front 38

Progressive degeneration of articular cartilage in only a few joints, male = hips, female = tibio-femoral, patello-femoral, both = DIP's, cervical vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, 1st MTP's

Back 38

Osteoarthritis

Front 39

Joint mice, osteophytes, bone spurs, increased bone density at joint, Heberden's nodes, morning stiffness

Back 39

Osteoarthritis

Front 40

Systemic inflammatory disorder involving articular cartilage destruction, joint ankylosis, autoimmune disease, CD4+ T cells activated --> pannus formation --> inflammation and destruction

Back 40

RA

Front 41

HLA-DR4, high ESR / CRP, tx c TNF antagonists, methotrexate

Back 41

RA

Front 42

Polyarticular and symmetric PIP's, MCP's, wrists, elbows, ankles, knees, feet, insidious onset

Back 42

RA

Front 43

Reflects severe rheumatoid disease in high pressure regions / viscera

Back 43

Rheumatoid nodules

Front 44

Onset of arthritis symptoms before age 16, HLA-B27+, ANA+, glomerulonephritis, uveitis

Back 44

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Front 45

RF-, HLA-B27+, peripheral arthridities, sacroiliitis, inflammation of tendon/ligament inserts

Back 45

Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies

Front 46

Chronic arthritis, cartilage destruction, bamboo spine, sacroiliitis, uveitis, IL-23R, HLA-B27

Back 46

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Front 47

Non infective, reactive arthritis, from infection like dysentery, occurs in joints causes sausage digits

Back 47

Reactive arteritis, Reiter's Syndrome

Front 48

HLA-CW6, HLA-B27, similar to RA, sausage digits, HAS TO HAVE PSORIATIC SKIN INVOLVEMENT

Back 48

Psoriatic Arthritis

Front 49

Monoarticular (knee), purulent synovial fluid, low glucose, >90% PMN's, from Gonorrhea, sudden onset of painful swollen joint, decreased ROM

Back 49

Suppurative Arthritis

Front 50

Most common septic arthritis in sexually active females, unilateral knee most common

Back 50

Gonococcal Arthritis

Front 51

Cold abscess, chronic progressive monoarticular arthritis in weight bearing joints, can for caseating granulomas

Back 51

TB Arthritis

Front 52

Caused by Borrelia Burgdorferi (Ixodes tick), develop weeks-years after initial infection, can develop synovitis and pannus, looks like RA, migratory, can present c erythema chronicum migrans

Back 52

Lyme Arthritis

Front 53

Rubella, Parvo B19, Hep C all cause this

Back 53

Viral Arthritis

Front 54

Chronic Hyperuricemia, high purine production, low purine salvage, causes urate precipitates to form and microtrophi to form in the synovium and cartilage with trauma releasing the crystals into the joint

Back 54

Gout

Front 55

Crystals long and thin and negatively bifringent

Back 55

Gout

Front 56

Sx worsen c cold weather, urate crystals in synovial fluid, biopsy c tophaceous deposits

Back 56

Gout

Front 57

Rhomboid crystal deposits into joints, asymptomatic or arthritic, inflammatory response initiated, chalky joint deposits

Back 57

Pseudogout (Calcium pyrophosphate crystal disease)

Front 58

Synovial fluid transparent, clear, no WBC's/RBC/Glu

Back 58

Normal

Front 59

Synovial fluid transparent, <3,000 WBC, <30% PMN, no Glu

Back 59

Group 1 Non infl

Front 60

Synovial fluid transparent/opaque, 3000-75000 WBC, >50% PMN, few RBC, low Glu

Back 60

Group 2 Inflammatory

Front 61

Synovial fluid Opaque, White, 50k-200k WBC, >90% PMN, 20-100 Glu

Back 61

Group 3 Infectious

Front 62

Synovial fluid opaque, xanthochromic/red-brown, 50-10k WBC, <50% PMN, RBC's

Back 62

Group 4 Hemorrhage

Front 63

Cyst that appears after repetitive disuse, doesn't communicate with joint space, arises from joint capsule, usually in wrist

Back 63

Ganglion Cyst

Front 64

Herniation of synovium through joint capsule

Back 64

Synovial Cyst

Front 65

Benign, recurrent neoplasm, usually in the knee, presents as monoarticular arthritis with pain and locking of the joint, aggressive local growth

Back 65

Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis

Front 66

Slow growing mass involving the tendon sheath of the wrist/fingers/toes, localized form of villonodular synovitis, most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the hand

Back 66

Giant Cell Tumor of the Tendon Sheath

Front 67

S-100

Back 67

Nerve related, melanoma

Front 68

Vimentin

Back 68

Sarcomas

Front 69

Desmin

Back 69

Muscle Tumors

Front 70

Neurofilaments

Back 70

Neuronal Tumors

Front 71

Cytokeratins

Back 71

Carcinomas

Front 72

Factor 13

Back 72

Dermatofibroma

Front 73

Soft, mobile, painless fat tumor that doesn't regress c weight loss

Back 73

Lipoma

Front 74

Malignant tumor of fat cells, deep tissue of proximal extremities and retroperitoneum, shows lipoblasts

Back 74

Liposarcoma

Front 75

Metaplastic heterotropic growth of bone in muscle tissue following trauma

Back 75

Myositis Ossificans

Front 76

Most common superficial fibromatosis, WNT mutation, vibratory machinery use, shows Dupytren's Flexion Contracture

Back 76

Palmar Superficial Fibromatosis

Front 77

Penile Fibromatosis, results in dorsal penis curvature

Back 77

Peyronie's Disease

Front 78

Large, aggressive, infiltrative masses, may recur, APC INACTIVATION, MUTATED B CATENIN

Back 78

Deep Fibromatosis

Front 79

APC gene mutation, FAP, osteoma, desmoid tumors, epidermal inclusion cysts

Back 79

Gardner Syndrome

Front 80

Malignant fibrous lesion, SPINDLE SHAPED CELLS HERRINGBONE PATTERN

Back 80

Fibrosarcoma

Front 81

Benign mid-dermis lesion, XIIIa dendrocytes, epidermal hyperplasia overlying, in legs of women

Back 81

Dermatofibroma

Front 82

Translocation of collagen gene PDGFR, STORIFORM PATTERN, SPIRALING OUTWARD, protrudes slightly from the skin

Back 82

Dermatofibroma protuberans

Front 83

Most common soft tissue sarcoma over 40yo, proximal extremities and retroperitoneum

Back 83

Pleomorphic sarcoma

Front 84

Sk mm tumor, most common soft tissue cancer, aggressively malignant, DESMIN +, MYOGENIN +

Back 84

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Front 85

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, grape like clusters in mucosal tubes

Back 85

Sarcoma Botryoides

Front 86

Benign tumor in the uterus c fascicles of spindle cells

Back 86

Leiomyoma

Front 87

Desmin+, Actin+, Vimentin+, fascicles of spindle cells, arises in skin/deep tissues/uterus/viscera, seen in the inside of upper arms, MITOSES

Back 87

Leiomyosarcoma

Front 88

Highly malignant tumor, arises adjacent to or inside a large joint, t(X:18), SYT-SSX, biphasic growth (gland like formations --> spindle cells

Back 88

Synovial Sarcoma