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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The biggest problem facing the new nation when George Washington was inaugurated was an...
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economic crisis of debt ($75 million)
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Who did George Washington appoint as his Secretary of Treasury?
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Alexander Hamilton
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Who did George Washington appoint as his Secretary of State?
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Thomas Jefferson
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The most important outcome of the conflict over Hamilton's financial plan was...
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The rise of political parties
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The biggest issue that divided Hamilton and Jefferson, and still divides Americans today, is...
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Who should have the most power
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What political party did Hamilton belong to?
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Federalist
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What political party did Jefferson belong to?
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Democratic-Republican
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Elastic Clause
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States that the government can do anything "necessary and proper"
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Jay's Treaty
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A treaty with British that angered Americans for failing to end the practice of impressments
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Cabinet
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Heads of executive departments who serve as top advisors to the president
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Hamilton's Economic Plan
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A plan to save the new government from its immediate debt crisis
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Revenue
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Money acquired by the government through the raising of taxes
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Protective tariff
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Tax that raises prices of imported goods to help protect American businesses from foreign competition
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Excise tax
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Sales tax on individual consumer items
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Bank of the United States (BUS)
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Controversial part of Hamilton's Plan that Jefferson opposed for putting too much power in the hands of the federal government
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Nullification
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The idea that a state government has the authority to ignore or cancel a federal law with which they disagree
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Impressment
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The most serious violation of US "freedom of the seas" and cause of conflict with Great Britain
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Proclamation of Neutrality
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President Washinton's announcement that the U.S. would stay out of war between Britain and France, but continue trading with both
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Whiskey Rebellion
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The first challenge to the authority of the new government under George Washington. It proved the new government had the authority to enforce laws
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Federalists
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One of the first political parties that wanted a federal government strong enough to maintain order
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Democratic-Republican
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One of the first political parties that wanted a federal government with limited power; more power to the state governments
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Loose interpretation
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The belief that the government can do anything not specifically denied in the Constitution
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Strict interpretation
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The belief that the government cannot do anything not specifically in the Constitution
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Necessary and Proper Clause
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This implied that the government could use powers not specifically given to it in the Constitution. (Also called the Elastic clause)
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Treaty of Greenvile
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A treaty with Native Americans that helped open up western lands to American settlers
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Pickney's Treaty
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A treaty with Spain that gave American farmers in the west free passage through the port of New Orleans
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The "Revolution of 1800"
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An event that showed the strength of the Constitution by allowing for the peaceful passing of power to political opponents
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Farewell Address
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President Washington's warning to future presidents to avoid foreign affairs and political parties
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Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
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Documents opposing the Alien and Sedition Acts in which state governments expressed the rights of states to nullify federal laws
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Alien and Sedition Acts
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A set of laws passed by Adams and the Federalists that made it against the law to criticize the government; violated 1st amandment freedoms of speech and press
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Limited Government
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The belief that the Constitution and the Bill of Rights protected citizens from the abuse of power by the government
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French Revolution
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A foreign issue that did most to divide Americans between those who supported France and those who wanted to protect trade with Great Britain
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XYZ Affair
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France attempted to bribe the US to neogotiate with Foreign Minister Talleyrand; made Americans angry with France
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"Undeclared war" / "Quasi-War"
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Conflict with France that followed the XYZ affair that angered those Americans who supported France in its war with Britain
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Marbury v. Madison
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Declared that the supreme court had the power of judicial review.
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Judicial review
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The power to declare any law or act of the president to be unconstitutional
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Federalism
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The constitutional principle that divides the power to govern between the states and the centeral government
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Battle of New Orleans
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Gave Americans a huge sense of pride for defeating a superior British Army
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Treaty of Ghent
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A treaty with Britiain that ended the War of 1812
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Warhawks
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Southern farmers and Western frontiersmen who supported the War of 1812
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The Lewis and Clark Expedition
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Gathered information about the Lousiana Territory after the US had bought it from France
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Louisiana Territory
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Important to the US because framers relied on the Mississipi River to transport their produce from the interior of the U.S. to the rest of the country and the world
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Neutrality
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The goal of the foreign policy during the administrations of Washington and Adams
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Militia
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Volunteer soldiers (per state). This is how Jefferson dismantled the army greatly.
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Status quo Antebellum
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The way things were before the war
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The Era of Good Feelings
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Jackson's "upset" victory started a period of great nationalism, know as this
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The Battle of Fort McHenry
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This battle took place in Baltimore, Maryland - Francis Scott Key wrote the Star-Spangled banner after witnessing the battle from British ships
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The Battle for Lake Erie
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This battle stopped British invasion of the U.S. from Canada
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The Hartford Convention (1814)
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The New England states apposed the war of 1812, they almost broke away from the Union because of this, but instead approved a proposal to amend the Constitution to requrie two-thirds approval by Cognress to declare war
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Second War for Independence
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The War of 1812 is also called this, because the U.S. finally won economic independence
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