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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chemistry
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The study of matter and the changes that it undergoes
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Matter
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Anything that has mass and takes up space
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Mass
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A measurement that reflects the amount of matter
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Weight
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A measurement not only of the amount of matter but also of the effect on Earth's gravitational pull
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Scientific Method
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A systematic approach used in scientific study
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Qualitative Data
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Information that describes color, odor, shape, or other physical characteristics
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Quantitative Data
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Numerical information describing how much, how little, how tall, how fast, etc.
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Hypothesis
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A tentative explanation for what has been observed
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Experiment
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A set of controlled observations that test the hypothesis
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Independent Variable
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A variable you plan to change
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Dependent Variable
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A variable whose value changes in response to a change in the independent variable
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Control
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A standard for comparison
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Conclusion
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A judgement based on the information obtained in an experiment
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Model
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A visual, verbal, and/or mathematical explanation of experimental data
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Theory
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An explanation that has been supported by many, many experiments
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Scientific Law
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A relationship in nature that is supported by many experiments
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Pure Research
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Seeks to gain knowledge for the sake of knowledge itself
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Technology
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The practical use of scientific information
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Base Unit
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A defined unit in a system of measurements that is based on an object or event in the physical world
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Seconds (s)
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The SI base unit for time
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Meter (m)
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The SI base unit for length
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Kilogram (k)
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The SI base unit for mass
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Derived Unit
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A unit that is defined by a combination of base units
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Liter (L)
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The metric unit for volume equal to one cubic decimeter
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Density
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A ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume
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Kelvin (K)
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The SI base unit for temperature
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Scientific Notation
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Expresses numbers as a multiple of two factors: a number between one and ten; and ten raised to a power, or exponent
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Conversion Factor
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A ratio of equivalent values used to express the same quantity in different units
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Dimensional Analysis
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A method of problem-solving that focuses on the units to describe matter
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Accuracy
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Refers to how close a measured value is to an accepted value
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Precision
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Refers to how close a series of measurements are to one another
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Percent Error
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The ration of an error to an accepted value
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Significant Figure
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The number of all known digits reported in measurements plus one estimated digit
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Graph
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A visual display of data
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Mixture
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A combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties
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Heterogeneous Mixture
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A mixture that does not blend smoothly throughout and in which the individual substances remain distinct
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Homogeneous Mixture
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A mixture that has constant composition throughout and always has a single phase
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Solutions
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Homogenous Mixtures in the form of liquid, solid, or gas.
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Filtration
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A separation technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid
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Distillation
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A separation technique that is based on differences in the boiling points of the substances involved
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Crystallization
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A separation technique that results in the formation of pure solid particles of a substance from a solution containing the dissolved substance
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Chromatography
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A separation technique that separates the components of a mixture (called the mobile phase) on the basis of the tendency of each to travel or be drawn down across the surface of another material
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Element
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A pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means
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Periodic Table
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A chart that organizes elements into rows and columns based on similarities and masses
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Compound
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A combination of two or more different elements that are combined chemically
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Law of Definite Proportions
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A separation technique that the elements comprising a compound combine in definite proportions by mass
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Percent by Mass
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Ratio of mass of each element to total mass
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Law of Multiple Proportions
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A scientific law that states that when different compounds are formed by a combination of the same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same relative mass of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers
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Law of Conservation of Mass
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A scientific law that states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction; It is conserved
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Chemical Change
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A process that involves one or more substances changing into new substances
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Physical Change
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Changes that alter a substance without changing its composition
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Vapor
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The gaseous state of a substance that is a solid or a liquid at room temperature
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Gas
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A form of matter that flows to conform to the shape of its container and fills the entire volume of its container
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Liquid
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A form of matter that flows, has a constant volume and takes the shape of its container
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Solid
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A form of matter that has its own definite shape and volume
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States of Matter
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All matters that exist on Earth can be classified as one of these Physical forms
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Chemical Property
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The ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances
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Intensive Properties
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Properties independent of the amount of substances present
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Extensive Properties
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Properties dependent upon the amount of substances present
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Physical Property
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A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the samples composition
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Substance
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Matter that has a uniform and unchanging composition
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