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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Robert Hooke
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Invented the first microscope and was the first to observe and name the small units that make up an organism. He named those small units cells because of the appearance of the structures in the dead cork he observed
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Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
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Improved the microscope and procedures for observing cells. He was able to clearly see living cells when observing the scapings from his teeth
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Cell theory
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1. All organisms are made of cells
2. Cells are the structural and functional units of organisms 3. All cells come fre pre-existing cells. |
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Prokaryotic Cells
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The simplest type of cells, includes ONLY bacteria, no nucleus with membrance, and no membrance bound organelles.
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Eukaryotic Cells
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More complex than Prokaryotic cells; includes protist cells, fungi cells, plant and animal cells (i.e. - everything EXCEPT bacteria); Chromosomes are contained within a nucleus and in addition to ribosomes contains bound organelles
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DNA
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A structure found in ALL cells; organized as chromosome(s); directs cell activity
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Cytoplasm
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A structure found in ALL cells; the "filling" of the cell and is made up of 90% water. Water provides the necessary environment for all the chemical reactions the cell needs
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Ribosomes
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A structure found in ALL cells; organelles that are the site of protein synthesis. Proteins are essention for enzymes, structure and communication
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Cell Membrance (Plasma Membrance)
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A structure found in ALL cells; Composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
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Mosaic
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This means a membrance has more than one type of molecule (Phospholipids and Proteins)
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Selectively Permeable
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A function of a cell membrance; regulates what enters and leaves the cell. This helps maintain homeostasis
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Nucleus
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An organelle found only in Eukaryotic cells that surrounds the chromosomes for addition protection; made of a phospholipid bilayer
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Mitochondria
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An organelle found only in Eukaryotic cells that is the site of celluar respiration which produces cell energy (ATP). This contains folded membrances which increases surface area allowing more space for more reactions
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Vacuoles
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An organelle found only in Eukaryotic cells that stores food, waste or water to be used inside the cell or excreted from the cell. This size of this differs from plant cells (bigger) and animal cells (smaller)
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Lysosomes
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An organelle found only in Eukaryotic cells that contain digestive enzymes which digest food contained in vacuoles as well as old or damaged cell parts
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
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An organelle found only in Eukaryotic cells, that is a series of interconnected folded membrances that function in modifying (changing) proteins, detoxicification of alcoholds, and communication
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Golgi Complex
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An organelle found only in Eukaryotic cells that packages materials for export from cells
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Chloroplasts
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An organelle found only in plant and plant-like cells that is full of chlorophyll that are the site of photosynthesis which produces sugars (C6H12O6); composed of folded membrances for more surface area
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Cell Wall
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A structure found only in plant and plant-like cells that provides extra support, protection, and shape for the cell; found outside the cell membrance and made of cellulose
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Centrioles
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A structure found only in animal cells that is an organelle that helps with cell division in animal cells
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Junctions
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The place where some cells are connected to each other
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Synapse
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The place where some cells are seperated by a very short distance
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