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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Evolution
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The process of change through time
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Abiogenesis
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The belief that living things could arise from non-living things
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Biogenesis
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Life came from living things
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Symbiosis
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When organisms live together
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Endosymbiotic Theory
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This theory explains the evolution of eukaryotic cells
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Vestigial Structures
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Structures that have no function now, but used to have a function. (ex. our appendix)
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Charles Darwin
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Credited with the development of the theory of evolution, but there were many people that contributed ideas upon which he built his own. Darwin also developed his ideas based on his travels as the ship naturalist on the H.M.S. Beagle
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Francesco Redi
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This person set out to disprove the theory of spontaneous generation/abiogenesis. He developed a controlled experiment to test his hypothesis that life must come from life
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Louis Pasteur
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Designed an experiment to disprove spontaneous generation for microorganisms. The conclusion: Microorganism came from microorganisms carried on dust in the air, NOT the air itself.
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Fossil
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Any proof that an organism once existed
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Homologous Structures
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Structures that have the same structure but different functions (ex. A humans arm and a whales flipper)
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Natural Selection
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The main mechanism of evolution
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Adaption
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Anything that helps an organism survive
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Coevolution
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Describes the evolutionary effect of one species upon another
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Biochemical similarities
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Include comparisons of DNA and the resulting amino acid sequences for certain, shared proteins
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Mutations
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Random changes in DNA and may lead to a new phenotype
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Speciation
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The development of a new species
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Gradualism
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Describes speciation that occurs over a long period of time due to the accumulation of small change
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Punctuated equilibrium
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Describes speciation that occurs in rapid bursts that may be separated by 1000’s of years of stability
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Stabilizing selection
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Favors the “average” phenotype in a population
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Directional selection
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Favors ONE of the extreme ends of the “typical” distribution
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Disruptive selection
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Favors BOTH of the extreme ends of the “typical” distribution
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Heterotroph Hypothesis
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Developed based on the conclusions of Miller and Urey to explain the evolution of prokaryotic cells
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Lynn Marguilis
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Developed the endosymbiont hypothesis to explain the development of eukaryotic cells.
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Mimicry
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When one species closely resembles another species
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