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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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egosim
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moral duty as human beings to look out for ourselves
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psychological egosim
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descriptive claim about human nature. naturally motivated by own self interest. No free will/choice
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ethical egoism
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normative claim about what people should do. People should act in their own self interest.
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personal ethical egoism
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I will act in my own self interest
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individual ethical egoism
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everyone should act in my self-interest
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universal ethical egoism
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everyone should act in his/her own self-interest
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minimalist egoism
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set of assumptions about "rational" self-interested economic behavior, required for some thought-experiments
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altruism
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acting solely for the benefit of another
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utilitarian
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that act is right which creates the greatest good for the greatest number
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deontological theories
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use of reason to develop and test principles
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teleological theories
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judgement of right and wrong based on rightness or wrongness of what happens when a person acts
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negative rights
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entitlements to do something without interference from other people; rights to be left alone to follow own pursuits
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positive rights
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entitlements that obligate others to do something to assist you; rights to have something done on your behalf
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natural/human rights
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entitlements that belong to everyone naturally or simply by virtue of being human
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legal rights
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entitlements that belong to people who are members of political entity granting and enforcing those rights
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moral rights
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entitlements based on acceptance of a particular moral theory
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short definition of rights
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that which is due to individuals based on core ethical principles
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duties
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obligations to act in certain way. typically arise because people have rights
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perfect duties
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obligations held by specific individuals or classe/types of individuals.
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imperfect duties
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obligations that have no clear individual to fulfill. owed to those who have rights
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civil / political rights
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basic legal rights a person must possess in order to have the status of equal citizenship in a liberal democratic state
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act utilitarianism
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the +/- consequences of each act must be determined. case by case basis
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rule utilitariansim
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utility is considered for categories of actions rather than discreet occasions
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