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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Learning Curve Theory?
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the amount of time required to complete a given task will be less each time the task is undertaken
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What are the two factors that drive the learning curve?
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individual learning and organizational learning
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RFID
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is a technology that involves tags that emit radio signals and devices called readers that pick up the signal
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What are advantages of RFID?
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no line-of-sight required, bulk-reading capability, unique identification, repeated read/write capability, accurate and real-time data
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What are some ways that RFID will help?
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reduction in theft that costs the retail sector $25 billion a year, better replenishments reducing stockouts, eliminating misplaced inventories, higher inventory record accuracy, and tracking of assets
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What are some impediments of RFID?
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incompatibility between technology used by different firms, high costs currently do not justify its use for many projects, and privacy
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What are the four classes of quality associated costs?
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prevention, appraisal, internal failure, and external failure costs
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prevention costs
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costs incurred in the process of preventing poor quality (planning, training, etc.)
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appraisal costs
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costs incurred in the process of uncovering defects
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internal failure costs
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costs associated with discovering poor product quality before it reaches the customer (fixing the defect, scrap, equipment downtime,etc)
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External failure costs
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costs associated with product quality problems that occur AFTER the product reaches the customer (recall logistical costs, repair costs, brand loyalty, litigation)
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What does good quality management strive to do?
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figure out how to reduce the cost of achieving quality and then transfer this knowledge through the company
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What is the central idea behind Total Quality Management?
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customer satisfaction results from continuous improvement of key processes
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What are some key concepts of TQM?
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quality as part of strategic planning, focus on customer satisfaction, effective collection and use of information, human resources, effective design of products and processes, leadership
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What is the central idea behind Six SIgma?
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a highly disciplined process focused on delivering near products (less than 4 defects in 1 million products)
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What are some key concepts of Six Sigma?
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quality is delivering what the customer wants, customers perception of quality is not just driven by average quality but by the variation in quality with the product, customers value consistent predictable interactions, and processes need to be designed to minimize variability
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What are the two main similarities between Six Sigma and TQM? What is one thing that Six Sigma puts extreme emphasis on?
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(1) they do not prevent any revolutionary quality techniques and (2) package quality management as a strategic imperative. Variability Reduction!
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What is the Six Sigma Methodology (DMAIC)?
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Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control
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What is the hearth of quality improvement?
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find processes that don't work well, then change them so they work better
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What are some analysis tools that everyone should know?
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cause-and-effect diagrams, process flow charts, pareto charts, check sheets, histograms, scatter plots, and control charts
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What is ISO 9000, what does it do, and who does it apply to?
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series of standards and a certification process developed for the International Organization of Standardization; acts as an auditing mechanism to ensure that you are performing the process in accordance with how you said you would; both manufacturing (especially) and service industries
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What is the inspection procedure to see if the process is working correctly?
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an inspection frequency is determined, each inspection measures the outputs from a sample size of n, and the sample measurements are analyzed to see if the process is in control
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What are the pros and cons of narrow limits to determine if a process is in control?
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pro: more investigation; con: chances of something outside limit more due to common cause than alarm
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What are the pros and cons of wide limits to determine if a process is in control?
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pro: when point outside of limit, very likely an assignable cause; con: insensitive, so harder to gauge certain data which could be damaging product
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What are the two common analytical project management techniques?
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Critical Path Method and Project Evaluation and Review Technique
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What are some Project Management Obstacles?
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task duration estimation, the student syndrome, Parkinson's law (work expands to ft the allotted time), no or little rewards for early finishes, and multitasking
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Which activity should you crash first?
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crash the critical path activity with the lowest crash cost
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When deciding which activity to crash next if there are two critical paths, what are your two options?
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crash an activity common to both critical paths or crash a different activity on each path simultaneously
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What is an effective crashing technique?
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(1) find the critical path, (2) among the critical path activities that can be crashed, find the activity with the lowest crash cost, (3) crash this activity by 1 time unit, (4) update the network finding the new critical path(s) and the max possible crash numbers, (5) If project time equals the target then done, if not repeat (1)-(4)
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What are some things that result because of variability?
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safety stocks, hiring/firing & inventory, waiting lines, and defects
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What are some ways to combat variability?
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component commonality, postponement, JIT, resource pooling, Six Sigma, and SPC
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