Bus Mhr 400: Lecture 1 And 2

Front 1

What is ability and how does it relate to job performance?

Back 1

Ability is an individuals capability of accomplishing a task. Having an ability that is lower than a job requirements lowers job performance while having an ability that is greater than a job requires lowers job satisfaction.

Front 2

What are the 3 components to an attitude?

Back 2

1.) Cognitive, which is the initial awareness of something. (I am very qualified for this new job, but did not get it.)

2.) Affective, which is the emotional part of the attitude. (I strongly dislike my boss now, because I did not receive the position)

3.) Behavioral, which is how one responds to the affective. (I will look for a new job then.)

Front 3

What is cognitive dissonance theory?

Back 3

The theory that states that any inconsistency perceived by an individual between two attitudes or an attitude and a behavior will make someone feel uncomfortable. Created by incompatible attitudes or behaviors incongruent with attitudes. Dissonance is always tried to be reduced. It can be reduced by:
1.) Attitude change
2.) Behavior change
3.) Rationalization

Front 4

What are the 3 attributes that contribute to the desire to reduce dissonance?

Back 4

1.) Importance of elements causing dissonance.

2.) The degree of influence the elements causing dissonance have over an individual.

3.) Rewards that are associated with elements causing dissonance.

Front 5

What are the moderating variables of the attitude-behavior relationship?

Back 5

1.) Importance of the attitudes. The stronger the importance, the stronger the relationship to behavior.

2.) Specificity of the attitude. The more specific an attitude the more specific a behavior.

3.) Accessibility of an attitude. The more easily remembered an attitude, the easier is it to predict behavior.

4.) Social pressures. One may have certain attitudes towards something (non smoker at a tobacco firm) but will behave differently in that environment.

5.) Direct experience. No experience in a certain field negates any feelings towards it in an individual.

Front 6

What is the Self Perception Theory?

Back 6

The theory that states that an individual bases an attitude on an action based on past behavior towards that action.

Front 7

What are the 5 major job attitudes?

Back 7

1.) Job Satisfaction
2.) Job Performance
3.) Organizational Commitment
4.) Perceived Organizational Support
5.) Employee Engagment

Front 8

What are the 3 types of of Organizational Commitment?

Back 8

1.) Affective Commitment, which is based on a commitment to an organization based on a belief in its values.

2.) Continuance Commitment, which is based on a commitment because you have no other good job to go to.

3.) Normative Commitment, which is based on a commitment because of an attachment to a project for example, and you dotn want to leave them in the lurch.

Front 9

What is personality and what defines it?

Back 9

Personality is the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others. It is defined by personality traits, which are certain characteristics of a person exhibited in large numbers.

Front 10

What is the Meyers Briggs Type Indicator Test and what does it tell you?

Back 10

A 100 questionthat defines you as either:
1.) Extroverted or Introverted, which means you are either outgoing and social or quiet and shy.

2.) Sensing or Intuitive, which means you are either practical, detail oriented, and prefer routines compared to relying on unconscious moves and looking at the big picture.

3.) Thinking or Feeling, which means you either use reason and logic or personal values and emotions

4.) Judging or Perceiving, which means you prefer control and order compared to being flexible and spontaneous

The different combinations are then combined into 16 different personality types.

Front 11

What are the 5 basic dimensions of personality that make up the Big Five Model.

Back 11

1.) Extroverison
2.) Agreeableness
3.) Conscientiousness
4.) Emotional Stability
5.) Openness to experience

Front 12

What is organizational behavior?

Back 12

The study of of the imppact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations for the purpose of improving an organizations effectiveness

Front 13

What is Human Resource Management?

Back 13

The practice and policies an organization has for acquiring, motivating, and retaining its members

Front 14

What are the 4 contributing disciplines of OB and HR fields?

Back 14

1.) Psychology
2.) Social Psychology
3.) Sociology
4.) Anthropology

Front 15

What are the 3 levels of OB Analysis?

Back 15

1.) Individual Level
2.) Group Level
3.) Organization System Level

Front 16

What is an organization?

Back 16

A consciously coordinated social unit composed of two or more people that functions on a continuous basis to achieve a common goal. Characterized by formal roles that define the behavior of its members.

Front 17

What are the top derailers that cause people to fail?

Back 17

-Insensitivity to others
-Poor working relations
-Inability to build or lead a team
-Authoritarianism
-Inability to change and adapt

Front 18

What determines the effectiveness of a company?

Back 18

The caliber and efforts of organizational members

Front 19

Behavior is the function of what?

Back 19

Ability, Motivation, and Situation

Front 20

What are ways Individuals differ?

Back 20

-Demographic
-Abilities
-Knowledge
-Skills
-Personality
-Values
-Interests
-Experiences

Front 21

What is ability? What are two types of it?

Back 21

An individuals capacity to perform various tasks

1.) Intellectual Abilty - the capacity to do mental activities
2.) Physical Abilities - the capacity to do taks demanding stamina, dexterity, strength,and similar characteristics

Front 22

What is Personality?

Back 22

The predisposition to act

Front 23

What is the Meyers-Briggs Type Indicator?

Back 23

The most commonly used 'personality test' in organizations. It is valuable for self awareness and career guidance. Tends not to be related to ob performance.

Front 24

What are the 4 classification categories in the MBTI test?

Back 24

1.) Extroversion vs. Introversion
-outgoing and social vs. quiet and shy
2.) Sensing vs. Intuition
-Practical and routine vs. Unconscious and big picture
3.) Thinking vs. Feeling
-Reason and logic vs. values and emotions
4.) Judging vs. Perceiving
-control and order vs, flexible and spontaneous

Front 25

What are the 5 dimensions of the The Big Five Model?

Back 25

1.) Extroversion
-This dimension captures ones comfort level with relationships
2.) Agreeableness
-This dimension refers to an individuals propensity to defer to others
3.) Conscientiousness
-This dimension is a measure of reliability
4.) Emotional Stability
-This dimension taps a persons ability to withstand stress
5.) Openness to Experience
-This dimension addresses one's range of interests and fascination with novelty

Front 26

What is core self evaluation? What 2 things determines an individuals core self evaluation?

Back 26

Ones ability to like oneself.

1.) Self Esteem - the degree that one likes themselves
2.) Locus of control - the degree to which people feel they are masters of their own fate

Front 27

What is Machiavellianism?

Back 27

To be pragmatic, emotionally distant, and to feel the end justifies the means. Someone who is a high Mach:
1.) flourishes when face to face
2.) when a situation has little rules or regulation, allowing for improvisation
3.) when emotional involvement with details distracts low Machs

Front 28

What is Narcissism?

Back 28

One that has a great sense of self-importance

Front 29

What does it mean to be self monitoring?

Back 29

Having a great ability in adjusting behavior based on external, situational factors

Front 30

What is a Type A personality?

Back 30

A person who is aggressively involved in a chronic, incessant struggle to achieve more and more in less and less time, and if required, against the opposing efforts of other things or other persons

Front 31

What is a Type B personality?

Back 31

A person who is rarely harried by the desire to obtain a wildly increasing number of things or participate in an endless growing series of events in an ever decreasing amount of time

Front 32

What are values and what are 2 attributes of it?

Back 32

Values are stable convictions, judgements/beliefs about what is right, good, or desirable.

1.) Content, which says a mode of conduct or end state of existence is important
2.) Intensity, which ranks how important it is

Front 33

What is a value system?

Back 33

A hierarchy based on a ranking of an individuals values in terms of their intensity.

Front 34

What are Rokeach Value Types?

Back 34

1.) Terminal Values - desirable end states; goals one would like to achieve (ex. equality, family, freedom)

2.) Instrumental Values - preferable modes of behaving; means of achieving terminal values (ex. courage, forgiving, honest)

Front 35

What is Hofstede's Framework for Assessing Cultures and what are its 5 dimensions?

Back 35

It is the most widely referenced approaches for analyzing variations among cultures. Was done in the 70's on 116000 IBM employees across 40 countries. He found cultures vary on 5 values dimensions:
1.) Power Distance - the degree to whihc people in a country except that there is an unequal distribution of power within organizations and companies
2.) Individualism vs. Collectivism - to enjoy being on ones own and believing in their rights above all others vs. working in a tight social framwork and relying on others around you to protect you
3.) Masculinity vs. femininity - the degree to which a culture excepts traditional masculine roles in their culture compared to culture that sees men and women as equals.
4.) Uncertinity avoidance - the degree to which people in a culture prefer structured over unstructured. People who are high in uncertainity prefer a structure to keep things organized and in line. The oppostire can be said for unstructured.
5.) Long term vs. short term orientation - the degree to which people commit to the future.

Front 36

Explain the 4 Contemporary Work Cohorts (Cohort, when the entered the workforce, and their dominant work values)

Back 36

1.) Veterns - 50's to early 60's - hard working conservative, conforming, loyal to organization
2.) Baby Boomers - 65' to 85' - Success, achievement, dislike of authority, loyal to career
3.) X'ers - 85' to 00' - Work/Life Balance, team oriented, dislike of rules, loyal to relationships
4.) GenY - 00' to present - Confident, financial success, self reliant but also team oriented, loyal to both self and relationships

Front 37

What are Hollands 6 Personality Types?

Back 37

1.) Realisitic - physical activities that require skill, strength, and coordination
2.) Investigative - activities that involve thinking, organizing, and understanding
3.) Social - activities that involve helping and developing
4.) Conventional - activities that involve rule regulation, order, and unambiguous activities
5.) Enterprising - verbal activities which influence others
6.) Artistic - prefers ambiguity and creativity

Front 38

What is an attitude?

Back 38

An evaluative judgment of persons, things, or events which influence thoughts, feelings, and actions.

Front 39

What are emotions and moods and what is a term that encompasses both?

Back 39

Affect is a generic term that encompasses both emotions and moods. Emotions are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something. Moods are feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and often lack a contextual stimulus.

Front 40

Why have emotions been excluded from OB studies?

Back 40

The Myth of Rationality states that emotions were the antithesis of rationality and were viewed as ineffective in the workplace. This basically says that any emotion is disruptive to the workplace.

Front 41

What are 5 Aspects of Emotions?

Back 41

1.) Biology of Emotions - emotions originate in the limbic system of each person, which makes them unique for each individual
2.) Intensity - different people give different responses to identical emotion provoking stimuli
3.) Frequency and Duration - some emotions occur more frequently and emotions differ in how long that last
4.) Emotions and Rationality - our emotions provide important information about how we understand the world around us.
5.) Evolutionary Psychology - states that we must experience emotions because they serve a purpose; hard to know if this is valid all the time.

Front 42

What are some sources of emotions?

Back 42

1.) Personality
2.) Day of the Week/Time of the Day
3.) Stress
4.) Social Activities
5.) Sleep
6.) Exercise
7.) Emotional contagion
8.) Changes in work compensation

Front 43

What is Emotional Intelligence and what are the 5 dimensions of it?

Back 43

One's ability to detect and manage emotional cues and information

1.) Self-awareness
2.) Self-management
3.) Self-motivation
4.) Empathy
5.) Social skills/effective relationships

Front 44

What are the some of things against EI?

Back 44

1.) EI is too vague a concept and proper measurement is difficult
2.) EI is too closely related to other personality features that predict similar outcomes
3.) Many of the studies are poorly conducted and people rely on popular press rather than empirical evidence to draw conclusions

Front 45

What are some of the things for EI?

Back 45

1.) It has intuitive appeal; it makes sense
2.) Some evidence suggests that a high level of EI predicts high job performance

Front 46

What are some external constraints on Emotions?

Back 46

1.) Organizational Influences
-company prefers certain attitude and appearance
2.) Cultural Influences
3.) Emotional Labor
-expression of behavior desried by company while at work