Bus 402 Week 3 Critical Thinking Quiz

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1. Question : <21{1[1(01)01]}> Since Jessica’s participation in local politics increased significantly after she joined her school’s political science club, it is clear that her involvement in that club led her to take an interest in politics.The argument above is flawed becauseit doesn’t say which political issues Jessica is interested init states that the only purpose of the political science club is to spark an interest in politicsit misuses the word “significantly”it’s possible that an interest in politics caused Jessica to join the political science club2. Question : <11{1[2(06)06]}> Reporter: A new campaign finance reform bill being considered by Congress would limit the amount of campaign contributions that political candidates can receive. However, a survey of candidates running for mayor, governor, and senate seats shows that not one of them favors the bill. Clearly, there is no desire among politicians to limit campaign contributions.Which one of the following points out the flaw in the reporter’s argument above?The reporter doesn’t indicate the amount that the new bill would limit campaign contributions.The evidence provided by the reporter suggests that most politicians are in favor of the new bill.The reporter wrongly assumes that no politician has ever supported a bill intended to limit campaign contributionsThe views of candidates currently running for office do not necessarily represent the views of all politicians.3. Question : <11{1[4(23)23]}> People have claimed that Jamie’s paintings have given them the blues. Clearly this cannot be entirely correct, since many of Jamie’s paintings contain no blue at all.The argument above is flawed because the authorprovides no evidencemisinterprets a key termrelies on contradictory factsis not a noted painting expert4. Question : <11{1[1(19)19]}> All sages provide both wisdom and inspiration. Since Dasha’s speech contained wisdom and greatly inspired her audience, Dasha is a sage.Which one of the following points out the flaw in the argument above?Just because Dasha is a sage doesn’t mean that she is always wise and inspirational.Just because Dasha’s speech provided wisdom and inspiration doesn’t mean that it provided more wisdom than inspiration.Just because Dasha satisfied two requirements of being a sage doesn’t necessarily mean that she satisfies all the requirements of being a sage.Just because Dasha provided wisdom and inspiration in a speech doesn’t mean that all sages use speeches to provide wisdom and inspiration.5. Question : <11{1[3(02)02]}> Catherine goes to her local movie theater only to see romantic comedies. Since Catherine did not go to the movies yesterday, there is not a romantic comedy playing at her local theater.The reasoning above is flawed because the evidencedoes not suggest that Catherine goes to see every romantic comedy that plays at her local movie theaterimplies that Catherine is uninterested in most types of moviesdoes not indicate whether Catherine watches only romantic comedies at homesuggests that Catherine’s local movie theater hardly ever shows romantic comedies6. Question : <21{1[2(24)24]}> The average height of members of the high school basketball team is six feet, three inches. Jerry is on the high school basketball team, so Jerry must be taller than six feet.The argument above is flawed because it confusesJerry with other members of the teamthe members of one team with the members of another teampeople who are six feet three inches tall for people who are exactly six feet tallan average for the individuals that make up that average.7. Question : <21{2[2(12)36]}> Career counselor: It is best for artists to build a practical and safe career that will guarantee them a secure income, and then pursue their art in their spare time. That way, they will be motivated to work hard at their day jobs to support their art making, and both their career and their art will thrive.Which one of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument?Some forms of art making are expensive and require a good deal of money to pursue.Many people who aren’t artists prefer to pursue practical and safe careers.Having the time and money to make art doesn’t guarantee an artist commercial success.Splitting time between two pursuits in life often causes both to suffer.8. Question : <11{2[3(11)35]}> Some politicians claim to support the environment in speeches they make around the country. However, to get to those speeches they ride in gas guzzling, pollution creating private planes. They therefore clearly don’t believe a word of what they say and are actually making the environmental problem worse.Which one of the following, if true, would best weaken the argument above?Some of the politicians try to hide the fact that they travel by private plane to their speeches around the country.Most people who hear the politicians’ speeches on the environment are unconvinced by their arguments.A majority of voters surveyed agree that politicians sometimes make society’s problems worse.Improvements to the environment brought about through the politicians’ public support of environmental regulations more than offset the damage done to the environment by the politicians’ private planes.9. Question : <11{2[3(02)26]}> Aron: The two double A batteries in my CD player are dead, so the CD player doesn’t work. My television remote control, which also uses two double A batteries, works fine. So if I move the two batteries from my television remote control to my CD player, the CD player will definitely work.Aron’s argument is most strengthened if which one of the following is true?Aron inserted the current batteries in his television remote control two months before he inserted the current batteries in his CD player.The amount of energy required to power the CD player is not greater than the amount of energy needed to power the television remote control.Aron has used his television remote control more times than he has used his CD player since inserting the current batteries into each device.Double A batteries provide less energy than either C batteries or D batteries.10. Question : <21{3[2(08)44]}> Surveys show that people who use calorie information to decide which foods to eat consume on average 100 calories less than they would if they didn’t check calorie information before eating. Strangely though, people who use calorie information in this way weigh more on average than people who don’t check calorie information before eating.Which one of the following, if true, best explains the surprising statistic stated above?There are fewer people who check calorie information before eating than people who don’t check calorie information before eating.People who usually check calorie information before eating consume more calories if they stop checking.Some people who check calorie information before eating don’t consume any fewer calories than they would if they didn’t check.People with a weight problem are most likely to check calorie information before eating.11. Question : <11{3[1(03)39]}> Last season at City Opera House, far more people attended opera X than opera Y. However, opera Y generated far greater net profits for City Opera House than did opera X.Each of the following could directly explain the result indicated above EXCEPT:a difference in the ticket prices of operas X and Ya difference in the operating expenses of operas X and Ya difference in the subject matters of operas X and Ya difference in the merchandise sales associated with operas X and Y12. Question : <21{4[1(10)54]}> Choose the pair of words/phrases among the choices that exhibits the same logical relationship as the words/phrases in the following pair.heavy : weightdry : wetfeather : scalehot : temperaturecolor : size13. Question : <21{4[3(02)46]}> Choose the pair of words/phrases among the choices that exhibits the same logical relationship as the words/phrases in the following pair.conductor : orchestraskater : rinkteacher : principalproducer : moviedirector : cast14. Question : <11{4[2(06)50]}> Choose the pair of words/phrases among the choices that exhibits the same logical relationship as the words/phrases in the following pair.gavel : judgebaton : conductorsymphony : composerstop sign : driverruler : math15. Question : <21{5[1(03)59]}> Barney: Last winter, I slipped on the outside stairs of PineTree Café and broke my leg. My fall was caused by ice on the stairs that the restaurant failed to remove. Since the restaurant clearly did not provide a safe atmosphere for its customers, I am justified in taking it to court.Lydia: Unwarranted lawsuits are sweeping the country—lawsuits that have no legal merit and are brought simply to make lawyers and their clients rich. If this trend continues, soon our legal system will be swamped to the point where it won’t be able to administer justice to people who truly deserve it. You therefore should drop your case against PineTree Café.The speakers above appear to disagree on which one of the following points?Barney is likely to win his case against Pinetree Café.Barney’s lawsuit against Pinetree Café is unwarranted.Many unwarranted lawsuits are sweeping the country.The legal system will soon be unable to administer justice to people who deserve it.16. Question : <11{5[1(01)57]}> Arthur: The solutions to most mystery novels I read are not believable. However, my enjoyment of a mystery novel depends only on its suspenseful mood and colorful characters.Norton: Roughly 80% of the mystery novels I read have believable solutions, which is good since I do not enjoy mystery novels that don’t have believable solutions.The speakers aboveagree that most mystery novels do not have believable solutionsagree that a suspenseful mood and colorful characters add to the enjoyment of a mystery noveldisagree on whether a believable solution is required for the enjoyment of a mystery noveldisagree on whether an author’s enjoyment in creating a mystery novel influences whether that novel will have a believable solution17. Question : <21{6[3(08)72]}> Some drugs combat obesity or alcohol addiction by turning off pleasure centers in the brain. However, if the dosage is too high, there’s a risk that people taking them will be plunged into depression.The statements above, if true, support which one of the following assertions?It is useless to try to treat obesity or alcohol addiction through drugs.All drugs, if taken at too high a dosage, pose the risk that the people taking them will be plunged into depression.The benefits of a medication may be at least somewhat offset by its side effects.Drugs that affect pleasure centers in the brain are often taken at dosages considered to be too high.18. Question : <7{6[3(02)66]}> In a survey of 10 film historians, half voted for Nosferatu as the greatest vampire film ever made, and the other half voted for Dracula. However, when asked which lead vampire character they considered more charismatic, all of the film critics chose Dracula over Nosferatu.Based on the information above, it must be true that for some film critics, their feelings about the charisma of the lead characteris the least important factor they consider when comparing two filmsis the most important factor they consider when comparing two filmsis not the most important factor they consider when comparing two filmsis the only factor they consider when comparing two films19. Question : <11{6[1(07)71]}> The higher the price of an antique, the greater people’s expectation that the object is rare. That, in turn, makes the antique appear more valuable.If the statements above are correct, then offering an antique for sale at a bargain pricewill likely increase people’s expectations that the antique is valuablewill guarantee that the antique will not sell at a profitshould be encouraged because it increases the likelihood that antique will be soldshould be discouraged because it lessens a quality that makes that antique desirable20. Question : <11{7[3(08)84]}> The president spoke to 19 congressmen from Texas to encourage them to vote for a bill. Since four of the 19 congressmen went on to vote for the bill, it is clear that the president persuaded those four to vote the way they did.The argument above assumes thatthe bill will not pass because a majority of Texas congressmen did not vote for itthe Texas congressmen who voted against the bill were persuaded by someone other than the president to vote the way they didthe president did not try to influence the votes of any congressmen outside of Texasthe four Texas congressmen who voted for the bill were against it before they spoke to the president21. Question : <11{7[2(03)79]}> Looking to increase the profits of his lemonade stand, Johann doubled the price of a cup of lemonade from 25 cents to 50 cents. This clearly shows Johann’s lack of business sense, for now he’ll almost certainly sell fewer cups at the new price and therefore make less money than before.The argument above assumes thatJohann is looking to double the profits of his lemonade standthe price increase will likely put Johann out of businessprofits from the price increase will not offset the money lost when fewer cups are soldeven if Johann sells more cups at the new price than he did at the old price, he’ll still lose money on the lemonade stand22. Question : <21{7[1(04)80]}> A company can either invest in employee training seminars or update its computer network. Since updating the computer network would result in more measurable benefits, the company would be best off updating its computer network.The argument above assumes thatinvesting in employee training seminars would yield negative results for the companythe more measurable a benefit, the greater value that benefit has to a companythe employee training seminars would focus on teaching employees to use the updated computer networkthe benefit of the company investing in employee training seminars cannot be measured at all23. Question : <11{8[3(02)90]}> Whereas many industries suffer during economic recessions, the art industry does well. Some think the reason is that artists feed off the anxiety and uncertainty during recessions to produce inspired works. Others think that recessions, while harmful to most people, produce a handful of very rich people willing to pay very high prices for artworks, driving up the value of the art market as a whole.The author of the passage above is primarily interested inproviding evidence that the art industry does well during recessionspresenting reasons for why the art industry does well during recessionsdiscussing the types of artworks that sell best during recessionsdescribing the effect that art has on the economy24. Question : <21{8[1(07)95]}> Political science professor: Many people insist that the Internet is revolutionizing the political process. They argue that Internet debates and online political polls and chat rooms give people greater access to political information. And they’re right that online political chatter increases daily. But offering or reading anonymous online opinions does not by itself make for active political participation. In the past one would attend a rally, protest, or town meeting to engage in real politics. Today, people sit passively in front of computer screens under the illusion that they are connecting with their fellow citizens.Which one of the following best expresses the main idea of the professor’s argument?Internet debates and online political polls and chat rooms give people greater access to political information.Political organizations of the past bear no resemblance to the political organizations of today.While the Internet has made more political content available, meaningful political involvement has decreased.The Internet has revolutionized the political process because it has allowed many more political viewpoints to be expressed.25. Question : <11{8[1(10)98]}> Sometimes people get caught in a “downward spiral,” a case in which something leads to a result which in turn leads to more of the original thing, bringing on more of the result. As the process continues, the result continually gets worse and worse. An example is when people turn to binge eating when depressed, which causes them to put on weight and feel unhealthy, which then makes them more depressed, leading to more overeating, and so on.The author is mainly concerned withconvincing people not to overeatexplaining the process of the “downward spiral”showing how overeating can lead to depressionshowing how some processes lead to surprising results 
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1. Question : <21{1[1(01)01]}> Since Jessica’s participation in local politics increased significantly after she joined her school’s political science club, it is clear that her involvement in that club led her to take an interest in politics.The argument above is flawed becauseit doesn’t say which political issues Jessica is interested init states that the only purpose of the political science club is to spark an interest in politicsit misuses the word “significantly”it’s possible that an interest in politics caused Jessica to join the political science club2. Question : <11{1[2(06)06]}> Reporter: A new campaign finance reform bill being considered by Congress would limit the amount of campaign contributions that political candidates can receive. However, a survey of candidates running for mayor, governor, and senate seats shows that not one of them favors the bill. Clearly, there is no desire among politicians to limit campaign contributions.Which one of the following points out the flaw in the reporter’s argument above?The reporter doesn’t indicate the amount that the new bill would limit campaign contributions.The evidence provided by the reporter suggests that most politicians are in favor of the new bill.The reporter wrongly assumes that no politician has ever supported a bill intended to limit campaign contributionsThe views of candidates currently running for office do not necessarily represent the views of all politicians.3. Question : <11{1[4(23)23]}> People have claimed that Jamie’s paintings have given them the blues. Clearly this cannot be entirely correct, since many of Jamie’s paintings contain no blue at all.The argument above is flawed because the authorprovides no evidencemisinterprets a key termrelies on contradictory factsis not a noted painting expert4. Question : <11{1[1(19)19]}> All sages provide both wisdom and inspiration. Since Dasha’s speech contained wisdom and greatly inspired her audience, Dasha is a sage.Which one of the following points out the flaw in the argument above?Just because Dasha is a sage doesn’t mean that she is always wise and inspirational.Just because Dasha’s speech provided wisdom and inspiration doesn’t mean that it provided more wisdom than inspiration.Just because Dasha satisfied two requirements of being a sage doesn’t necessarily mean that she satisfies all the requirements of being a sage.Just because Dasha provided wisdom and inspiration in a speech doesn’t mean that all sages use speeches to provide wisdom and inspiration.5. Question : <11{1[3(02)02]}> Catherine goes to her local movie theater only to see romantic comedies. Since Catherine did not go to the movies yesterday, there is not a romantic comedy playing at her local theater.The reasoning above is flawed because the evidencedoes not suggest that Catherine goes to see every romantic comedy that plays at her local movie theaterimplies that Catherine is uninterested in most types of moviesdoes not indicate whether Catherine watches only romantic comedies at homesuggests that Catherine’s local movie theater hardly ever shows romantic comedies6. Question : <21{1[2(24)24]}> The average height of members of the high school basketball team is six feet, three inches. Jerry is on the high school basketball team, so Jerry must be taller than six feet.The argument above is flawed because it confusesJerry with other members of the teamthe members of one team with the members of another teampeople who are six feet three inches tall for people who are exactly six feet tallan average for the individuals that make up that average.7. Question : <21{2[2(12)36]}> Career counselor: It is best for artists to build a practical and safe career that will guarantee them a secure income, and then pursue their art in their spare time. That way, they will be motivated to work hard at their day jobs to support their art making, and both their career and their art will thrive.Which one of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument?Some forms of art making are expensive and require a good deal of money to pursue.Many people who aren’t artists prefer to pursue practical and safe careers.Having the time and money to make art doesn’t guarantee an artist commercial success.Splitting time between two pursuits in life often causes both to suffer.8. Question : <11{2[3(11)35]}> Some politicians claim to support the environment in speeches they make around the country. However, to get to those speeches they ride in gas guzzling, pollution creating private planes. They therefore clearly don’t believe a word of what they say and are actually making the environmental problem worse.Which one of the following, if true, would best weaken the argument above?Some of the politicians try to hide the fact that they travel by private plane to their speeches around the country.Most people who hear the politicians’ speeches on the environment are unconvinced by their arguments.A majority of voters surveyed agree that politicians sometimes make society’s problems worse.Improvements to the environment brought about through the politicians’ public support of environmental regulations more than offset the damage done to the environment by the politicians’ private planes.9. Question : <11{2[3(02)26]}> Aron: The two double A batteries in my CD player are dead, so the CD player doesn’t work. My television remote control, which also uses two double A batteries, works fine. So if I move the two batteries from my television remote control to my CD player, the CD player will definitely work.Aron’s argument is most strengthened if which one of the following is true?Aron inserted the current batteries in his television remote control two months before he inserted the current batteries in his CD player.The amount of energy required to power the CD player is not greater than the amount of energy needed to power the television remote control.Aron has used his television remote control more times than he has used his CD player since inserting the current batteries into each device.Double A batteries provide less energy than either C batteries or D batteries.10. Question : <21{3[2(08)44]}> Surveys show that people who use calorie information to decide which foods to eat consume on average 100 calories less than they would if they didn’t check calorie information before eating. Strangely though, people who use calorie information in this way weigh more on average than people who don’t check calorie information before eating.Which one of the following, if true, best explains the surprising statistic stated above?There are fewer people who check calorie information before eating than people who don’t check calorie information before eating.People who usually check calorie information before eating consume more calories if they stop checking.Some people who check calorie information before eating don’t consume any fewer calories than they would if they didn’t check.People with a weight problem are most likely to check calorie information before eating.11. Question : <11{3[1(03)39]}> Last season at City Opera House, far more people attended opera X than opera Y. However, opera Y generated far greater net profits for City Opera House than did opera X.Each of the following could directly explain the result indicated above EXCEPT:a difference in the ticket prices of operas X and Ya difference in the operating expenses of operas X and Ya difference in the subject matters of operas X and Ya difference in the merchandise sales associated with operas X and Y12. Question : <21{4[1(10)54]}> Choose the pair of words/phrases among the choices that exhibits the same logical relationship as the words/phrases in the following pair.heavy : weightdry : wetfeather : scalehot : temperaturecolor : size13. Question : <21{4[3(02)46]}> Choose the pair of words/phrases among the choices that exhibits the same logical relationship as the words/phrases in the following pair.conductor : orchestraskater : rinkteacher : principalproducer : moviedirector : cast14. Question : <11{4[2(06)50]}> Choose the pair of words/phrases among the choices that exhibits the same logical relationship as the words/phrases in the following pair.gavel : judgebaton : conductorsymphony : composerstop sign : driverruler : math15. Question : <21{5[1(03)59]}> Barney: Last winter, I slipped on the outside stairs of PineTree Café and broke my leg. My fall was caused by ice on the stairs that the restaurant failed to remove. Since the restaurant clearly did not provide a safe atmosphere for its customers, I am justified in taking it to court.Lydia: Unwarranted lawsuits are sweeping the country—lawsuits that have no legal merit and are brought simply to make lawyers and their clients rich. If this trend continues, soon our legal system will be swamped to the point where it won’t be able to administer justice to people who truly deserve it. You therefore should drop your case against PineTree Café.The speakers above appear to disagree on which one of the following points?Barney is likely to win his case against Pinetree Café.Barney’s lawsuit against Pinetree Café is unwarranted.Many unwarranted lawsuits are sweeping the country.The legal system will soon be unable to administer justice to people who deserve it.16. Question : <11{5[1(01)57]}> Arthur: The solutions to most mystery novels I read are not believable. However, my enjoyment of a mystery novel depends only on its suspenseful mood and colorful characters.Norton: Roughly 80% of the mystery novels I read have believable solutions, which is good since I do not enjoy mystery novels that don’t have believable solutions.The speakers aboveagree that most mystery novels do not have believable solutionsagree that a suspenseful mood and colorful characters add to the enjoyment of a mystery noveldisagree on whether a believable solution is required for the enjoyment of a mystery noveldisagree on whether an author’s enjoyment in creating a mystery novel influences whether that novel will have a believable solution17. Question : <21{6[3(08)72]}> Some drugs combat obesity or alcohol addiction by turning off pleasure centers in the brain. However, if the dosage is too high, there’s a risk that people taking them will be plunged into depression.The statements above, if true, support which one of the following assertions?It is useless to try to treat obesity or alcohol addiction through drugs.All drugs, if taken at too high a dosage, pose the risk that the people taking them will be plunged into depression.The benefits of a medication may be at least somewhat offset by its side effects.Drugs that affect pleasure centers in the brain are often taken at dosages considered to be too high.18. Question : <7{6[3(02)66]}> In a survey of 10 film historians, half voted for Nosferatu as the greatest vampire film ever made, and the other half voted for Dracula. However, when asked which lead vampire character they considered more charismatic, all of the film critics chose Dracula over Nosferatu.Based on the information above, it must be true that for some film critics, their feelings about the charisma of the lead characteris the least important factor they consider when comparing two filmsis the most important factor they consider when comparing two filmsis not the most important factor they consider when comparing two filmsis the only factor they consider when comparing two films19. Question : <11{6[1(07)71]}> The higher the price of an antique, the greater people’s expectation that the object is rare. That, in turn, makes the antique appear more valuable.If the statements above are correct, then offering an antique for sale at a bargain pricewill likely increase people’s expectations that the antique is valuablewill guarantee that the antique will not sell at a profitshould be encouraged because it increases the likelihood that antique will be soldshould be discouraged because it lessens a quality that makes that antique desirable20. Question : <11{7[3(08)84]}> The president spoke to 19 congressmen from Texas to encourage them to vote for a bill. Since four of the 19 congressmen went on to vote for the bill, it is clear that the president persuaded those four to vote the way they did.The argument above assumes thatthe bill will not pass because a majority of Texas congressmen did not vote for itthe Texas congressmen who voted against the bill were persuaded by someone other than the president to vote the way they didthe president did not try to influence the votes of any congressmen outside of Texasthe four Texas congressmen who voted for the bill were against it before they spoke to the president21. Question : <11{7[2(03)79]}> Looking to increase the profits of his lemonade stand, Johann doubled the price of a cup of lemonade from 25 cents to 50 cents. This clearly shows Johann’s lack of business sense, for now he’ll almost certainly sell fewer cups at the new price and therefore make less money than before.The argument above assumes thatJohann is looking to double the profits of his lemonade standthe price increase will likely put Johann out of businessprofits from the price increase will not offset the money lost when fewer cups are soldeven if Johann sells more cups at the new price than he did at the old price, he’ll still lose money on the lemonade stand22. Question : <21{7[1(04)80]}> A company can either invest in employee training seminars or update its computer network. Since updating the computer network would result in more measurable benefits, the company would be best off updating its computer network.The argument above assumes thatinvesting in employee training seminars would yield negative results for the companythe more measurable a benefit, the greater value that benefit has to a companythe employee training seminars would focus on teaching employees to use the updated computer networkthe benefit of the company investing in employee training seminars cannot be measured at all23. Question : <11{8[3(02)90]}> Whereas many industries suffer during economic recessions, the art industry does well. Some think the reason is that artists feed off the anxiety and uncertainty during recessions to produce inspired works. Others think that recessions, while harmful to most people, produce a handful of very rich people willing to pay very high prices for artworks, driving up the value of the art market as a whole.The author of the passage above is primarily interested inproviding evidence that the art industry does well during recessionspresenting reasons for why the art industry does well during recessionsdiscussing the types of artworks that sell best during recessionsdescribing the effect that art has on the economy24. Question : <21{8[1(07)95]}> Political science professor: Many people insist that the Internet is revolutionizing the political process. They argue that Internet debates and online political polls and chat rooms give people greater access to political information. And they’re right that online political chatter increases daily. But offering or reading anonymous online opinions does not by itself make for active political participation. In the past one would attend a rally, protest, or town meeting to engage in real politics. Today, people sit passively in front of computer screens under the illusion that they are connecting with their fellow citizens.Which one of the following best expresses the main idea of the professor’s argument?Internet debates and online political polls and chat rooms give people greater access to political information.Political organizations of the past bear no resemblance to the political organizations of today.While the Internet has made more political content available, meaningful political involvement has decreased.The Internet has revolutionized the political process because it has allowed many more political viewpoints to be expressed.25. Question : <11{8[1(10)98]}> Sometimes people get caught in a “downward spiral,” a case in which something leads to a result which in turn leads to more of the original thing, bringing on more of the result. As the process continues, the result continually gets worse and worse. An example is when people turn to binge eating when depressed, which causes them to put on weight and feel unhealthy, which then makes them more depressed, leading to more overeating, and so on.The author is mainly concerned withconvincing people not to overeatexplaining the process of the “downward spiral”showing how overeating can lead to depressionshowing how some processes lead to surprising results 
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1. Question : <21{1[1(01)01]}> Since Jessica’s participation in local politics increased significantly after she joined her school’s political science club, it is clear that her involvement in that club led her to take an interest in politics.The argument above is flawed becauseit doesn’t say which political issues Jessica is interested init states that the only purpose of the political science club is to spark an interest in politicsit misuses the word “significantly”it’s possible that an interest in politics caused Jessica to join the political science club2. Question : <11{1[2(06)06]}> Reporter: A new campaign finance reform bill being considered by Congress would limit the amount of campaign contributions that political candidates can receive. However, a survey of candidates running for mayor, governor, and senate seats shows that not one of them favors the bill. Clearly, there is no desire among politicians to limit campaign contributions.Which one of the following points out the flaw in the reporter’s argument above?The reporter doesn’t indicate the amount that the new bill would limit campaign contributions.The evidence provided by the reporter suggests that most politicians are in favor of the new bill.The reporter wrongly assumes that no politician has ever supported a bill intended to limit campaign contributionsThe views of candidates currently running for office do not necessarily represent the views of all politicians.3. Question : <11{1[4(23)23]}> People have claimed that Jamie’s paintings have given them the blues. Clearly this cannot be entirely correct, since many of Jamie’s paintings contain no blue at all.The argument above is flawed because the authorprovides no evidencemisinterprets a key termrelies on contradictory factsis not a noted painting expert4. Question : <11{1[1(19)19]}> All sages provide both wisdom and inspiration. Since Dasha’s speech contained wisdom and greatly inspired her audience, Dasha is a sage.Which one of the following points out the flaw in the argument above?Just because Dasha is a sage doesn’t mean that she is always wise and inspirational.Just because Dasha’s speech provided wisdom and inspiration doesn’t mean that it provided more wisdom than inspiration.Just because Dasha satisfied two requirements of being a sage doesn’t necessarily mean that she satisfies all the requirements of being a sage.Just because Dasha provided wisdom and inspiration in a speech doesn’t mean that all sages use speeches to provide wisdom and inspiration.5. Question : <11{1[3(02)02]}> Catherine goes to her local movie theater only to see romantic comedies. Since Catherine did not go to the movies yesterday, there is not a romantic comedy playing at her local theater.The reasoning above is flawed because the evidencedoes not suggest that Catherine goes to see every romantic comedy that plays at her local movie theaterimplies that Catherine is uninterested in most types of moviesdoes not indicate whether Catherine watches only romantic comedies at homesuggests that Catherine’s local movie theater hardly ever shows romantic comedies6. Question : <21{1[2(24)24]}> The average height of members of the high school basketball team is six feet, three inches. Jerry is on the high school basketball team, so Jerry must be taller than six feet.The argument above is flawed because it confusesJerry with other members of the teamthe members of one team with the members of another teampeople who are six feet three inches tall for people who are exactly six feet tallan average for the individuals that make up that average.7. Question : <21{2[2(12)36]}> Career counselor: It is best for artists to build a practical and safe career that will guarantee them a secure income, and then pursue their art in their spare time. That way, they will be motivated to work hard at their day jobs to support their art making, and both their career and their art will thrive.Which one of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument?Some forms of art making are expensive and require a good deal of money to pursue.Many people who aren’t artists prefer to pursue practical and safe careers.Having the time and money to make art doesn’t guarantee an artist commercial success.Splitting time between two pursuits in life often causes both to suffer.8. Question : <11{2[3(11)35]}> Some politicians claim to support the environment in speeches they make around the country. However, to get to those speeches they ride in gas guzzling, pollution creating private planes. They therefore clearly don’t believe a word of what they say and are actually making the environmental problem worse.Which one of the following, if true, would best weaken the argument above?Some of the politicians try to hide the fact that they travel by private plane to their speeches around the country.Most people who hear the politicians’ speeches on the environment are unconvinced by their arguments.A majority of voters surveyed agree that politicians sometimes make society’s problems worse.Improvements to the environment brought about through the politicians’ public support of environmental regulations more than offset the damage done to the environment by the politicians’ private planes.9. Question : <11{2[3(02)26]}> Aron: The two double A batteries in my CD player are dead, so the CD player doesn’t work. My television remote control, which also uses two double A batteries, works fine. So if I move the two batteries from my television remote control to my CD player, the CD player will definitely work.Aron’s argument is most strengthened if which one of the following is true?Aron inserted the current batteries in his television remote control two months before he inserted the current batteries in his CD player.The amount of energy required to power the CD player is not greater than the amount of energy needed to power the television remote control.Aron has used his television remote control more times than he has used his CD player since inserting the current batteries into each device.Double A batteries provide less energy than either C batteries or D batteries.10. Question : <21{3[2(08)44]}> Surveys show that people who use calorie information to decide which foods to eat consume on average 100 calories less than they would if they didn’t check calorie information before eating. Strangely though, people who use calorie information in this way weigh more on average than people who don’t check calorie information before eating.Which one of the following, if true, best explains the surprising statistic stated above?There are fewer people who check calorie information before eating than people who don’t check calorie information before eating.People who usually check calorie information before eating consume more calories if they stop checking.Some people who check calorie information before eating don’t consume any fewer calories than they would if they didn’t check.People with a weight problem are most likely to check calorie information before eating.11. Question : <11{3[1(03)39]}> Last season at City Opera House, far more people attended opera X than opera Y. However, opera Y generated far greater net profits for City Opera House than did opera X.Each of the following could directly explain the result indicated above EXCEPT:a difference in the ticket prices of operas X and Ya difference in the operating expenses of operas X and Ya difference in the subject matters of operas X and Ya difference in the merchandise sales associated with operas X and Y12. Question : <21{4[1(10)54]}> Choose the pair of words/phrases among the choices that exhibits the same logical relationship as the words/phrases in the following pair.heavy : weightdry : wetfeather : scalehot : temperaturecolor : size13. Question : <21{4[3(02)46]}> Choose the pair of words/phrases among the choices that exhibits the same logical relationship as the words/phrases in the following pair.conductor : orchestraskater : rinkteacher : principalproducer : moviedirector : cast14. Question : <11{4[2(06)50]}> Choose the pair of words/phrases among the choices that exhibits the same logical relationship as the words/phrases in the following pair.gavel : judgebaton : conductorsymphony : composerstop sign : driverruler : math15. Question : <21{5[1(03)59]}> Barney: Last winter, I slipped on the outside stairs of PineTree Café and broke my leg. My fall was caused by ice on the stairs that the restaurant failed to remove. Since the restaurant clearly did not provide a safe atmosphere for its customers, I am justified in taking it to court.Lydia: Unwarranted lawsuits are sweeping the country—lawsuits that have no legal merit and are brought simply to make lawyers and their clients rich. If this trend continues, soon our legal system will be swamped to the point where it won’t be able to administer justice to people who truly deserve it. You therefore should drop your case against PineTree Café.The speakers above appear to disagree on which one of the following points?Barney is likely to win his case against Pinetree Café.Barney’s lawsuit against Pinetree Café is unwarranted.Many unwarranted lawsuits are sweeping the country.The legal system will soon be unable to administer justice to people who deserve it.16. Question : <11{5[1(01)57]}> Arthur: The solutions to most mystery novels I read are not believable. However, my enjoyment of a mystery novel depends only on its suspenseful mood and colorful characters.Norton: Roughly 80% of the mystery novels I read have believable solutions, which is good since I do not enjoy mystery novels that don’t have believable solutions.The speakers aboveagree that most mystery novels do not have believable solutionsagree that a suspenseful mood and colorful characters add to the enjoyment of a mystery noveldisagree on whether a believable solution is required for the enjoyment of a mystery noveldisagree on whether an author’s enjoyment in creating a mystery novel influences whether that novel will have a believable solution17. Question : <21{6[3(08)72]}> Some drugs combat obesity or alcohol addiction by turning off pleasure centers in the brain. However, if the dosage is too high, there’s a risk that people taking them will be plunged into depression.The statements above, if true, support which one of the following assertions?It is useless to try to treat obesity or alcohol addiction through drugs.All drugs, if taken at too high a dosage, pose the risk that the people taking them will be plunged into depression.The benefits of a medication may be at least somewhat offset by its side effects.Drugs that affect pleasure centers in the brain are often taken at dosages considered to be too high.18. Question : <7{6[3(02)66]}> In a survey of 10 film historians, half voted for Nosferatu as the greatest vampire film ever made, and the other half voted for Dracula. However, when asked which lead vampire character they considered more charismatic, all of the film critics chose Dracula over Nosferatu.Based on the information above, it must be true that for some film critics, their feelings about the charisma of the lead characteris the least important factor they consider when comparing two filmsis the most important factor they consider when comparing two filmsis not the most important factor they consider when comparing two filmsis the only factor they consider when comparing two films19. Question : <11{6[1(07)71]}> The higher the price of an antique, the greater people’s expectation that the object is rare. That, in turn, makes the antique appear more valuable.If the statements above are correct, then offering an antique for sale at a bargain pricewill likely increase people’s expectations that the antique is valuablewill guarantee that the antique will not sell at a profitshould be encouraged because it increases the likelihood that antique will be soldshould be discouraged because it lessens a quality that makes that antique desirable20. Question : <11{7[3(08)84]}> The president spoke to 19 congressmen from Texas to encourage them to vote for a bill. Since four of the 19 congressmen went on to vote for the bill, it is clear that the president persuaded those four to vote the way they did.The argument above assumes thatthe bill will not pass because a majority of Texas congressmen did not vote for itthe Texas congressmen who voted against the bill were persuaded by someone other than the president to vote the way they didthe president did not try to influence the votes of any congressmen outside of Texasthe four Texas congressmen who voted for the bill were against it before they spoke to the president21. Question : <11{7[2(03)79]}> Looking to increase the profits of his lemonade stand, Johann doubled the price of a cup of lemonade from 25 cents to 50 cents. This clearly shows Johann’s lack of business sense, for now he’ll almost certainly sell fewer cups at the new price and therefore make less money than before.The argument above assumes thatJohann is looking to double the profits of his lemonade standthe price increase will likely put Johann out of businessprofits from the price increase will not offset the money lost when fewer cups are soldeven if Johann sells more cups at the new price than he did at the old price, he’ll still lose money on the lemonade stand22. Question : <21{7[1(04)80]}> A company can either invest in employee training seminars or update its computer network. Since updating the computer network would result in more measurable benefits, the company would be best off updating its computer network.The argument above assumes thatinvesting in employee training seminars would yield negative results for the companythe more measurable a benefit, the greater value that benefit has to a companythe employee training seminars would focus on teaching employees to use the updated computer networkthe benefit of the company investing in employee training seminars cannot be measured at all23. Question : <11{8[3(02)90]}> Whereas many industries suffer during economic recessions, the art industry does well. Some think the reason is that artists feed off the anxiety and uncertainty during recessions to produce inspired works. Others think that recessions, while harmful to most people, produce a handful of very rich people willing to pay very high prices for artworks, driving up the value of the art market as a whole.The author of the passage above is primarily interested inproviding evidence that the art industry does well during recessionspresenting reasons for why the art industry does well during recessionsdiscussing the types of artworks that sell best during recessionsdescribing the effect that art has on the economy24. Question : <21{8[1(07)95]}> Political science professor: Many people insist that the Internet is revolutionizing the political process. They argue that Internet debates and online political polls and chat rooms give people greater access to political information. And they’re right that online political chatter increases daily. But offering or reading anonymous online opinions does not by itself make for active political participation. In the past one would attend a rally, protest, or town meeting to engage in real politics. Today, people sit passively in front of computer screens under the illusion that they are connecting with their fellow citizens.Which one of the following best expresses the main idea of the professor’s argument?Internet debates and online political polls and chat rooms give people greater access to political information.Political organizations of the past bear no resemblance to the political organizations of today.While the Internet has made more political content available, meaningful political involvement has decreased.The Internet has revolutionized the political process because it has allowed many more political viewpoints to be expressed.25. Question : <11{8[1(10)98]}> Sometimes people get caught in a “downward spiral,” a case in which something leads to a result which in turn leads to more of the original thing, bringing on more of the result. As the process continues, the result continually gets worse and worse. An example is when people turn to binge eating when depressed, which causes them to put on weight and feel unhealthy, which then makes them more depressed, leading to more overeating, and so on.The author is mainly concerned withconvincing people not to overeatexplaining the process of the “downward spiral”showing how overeating can lead to depressionshowing how some processes lead to surprising results 
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1. Question : <21{1[1(01)01]}> Since Jessica’s participation in local politics increased significantly after she joined her school’s political science club, it is clear that her involvement in that club led her to take an interest in politics.The argument above is flawed becauseit doesn’t say which political issues Jessica is interested init states that the only purpose of the political science club is to spark an interest in politicsit misuses the word “significantly”it’s possible that an interest in politics caused Jessica to join the political science club2. Question : <11{1[2(06)06]}> Reporter: A new campaign finance reform bill being considered by Congress would limit the amount of campaign contributions that political candidates can receive. However, a survey of candidates running for mayor, governor, and senate seats shows that not one of them favors the bill. Clearly, there is no desire among politicians to limit campaign contributions.Which one of the following points out the flaw in the reporter’s argument above?The reporter doesn’t indicate the amount that the new bill would limit campaign contributions.The evidence provided by the reporter suggests that most politicians are in favor of the new bill.The reporter wrongly assumes that no politician has ever supported a bill intended to limit campaign contributionsThe views of candidates currently running for office do not necessarily represent the views of all politicians.3. Question : <11{1[4(23)23]}> People have claimed that Jamie’s paintings have given them the blues. Clearly this cannot be entirely correct, since many of Jamie’s paintings contain no blue at all.The argument above is flawed because the authorprovides no evidencemisinterprets a key termrelies on contradictory factsis not a noted painting expert4. Question : <11{1[1(19)19]}> All sages provide both wisdom and inspiration. Since Dasha’s speech contained wisdom and greatly inspired her audience, Dasha is a sage.Which one of the following points out the flaw in the argument above?Just because Dasha is a sage doesn’t mean that she is always wise and inspirational.Just because Dasha’s speech provided wisdom and inspiration doesn’t mean that it provided more wisdom than inspiration.Just because Dasha satisfied two requirements of being a sage doesn’t necessarily mean that she satisfies all the requirements of being a sage.Just because Dasha provided wisdom and inspiration in a speech doesn’t mean that all sages use speeches to provide wisdom and inspiration.5. Question : <11{1[3(02)02]}> Catherine goes to her local movie theater only to see romantic comedies. Since Catherine did not go to the movies yesterday, there is not a romantic comedy playing at her local theater.The reasoning above is flawed because the evidencedoes not suggest that Catherine goes to see every romantic comedy that plays at her local movie theaterimplies that Catherine is uninterested in most types of moviesdoes not indicate whether Catherine watches only romantic comedies at homesuggests that Catherine’s local movie theater hardly ever shows romantic comedies6. Question : <21{1[2(24)24]}> The average height of members of the high school basketball team is six feet, three inches. Jerry is on the high school basketball team, so Jerry must be taller than six feet.The argument above is flawed because it confusesJerry with other members of the teamthe members of one team with the members of another teampeople who are six feet three inches tall for people who are exactly six feet tallan average for the individuals that make up that average.7. Question : <21{2[2(12)36]}> Career counselor: It is best for artists to build a practical and safe career that will guarantee them a secure income, and then pursue their art in their spare time. That way, they will be motivated to work hard at their day jobs to support their art making, and both their career and their art will thrive.Which one of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument?Some forms of art making are expensive and require a good deal of money to pursue.Many people who aren’t artists prefer to pursue practical and safe careers.Having the time and money to make art doesn’t guarantee an artist commercial success.Splitting time between two pursuits in life often causes both to suffer.8. Question : <11{2[3(11)35]}> Some politicians claim to support the environment in speeches they make around the country. However, to get to those speeches they ride in gas guzzling, pollution creating private planes. They therefore clearly don’t believe a word of what they say and are actually making the environmental problem worse.Which one of the following, if true, would best weaken the argument above?Some of the politicians try to hide the fact that they travel by private plane to their speeches around the country.Most people who hear the politicians’ speeches on the environment are unconvinced by their arguments.A majority of voters surveyed agree that politicians sometimes make society’s problems worse.Improvements to the environment brought about through the politicians’ public support of environmental regulations more than offset the damage done to the environment by the politicians’ private planes.9. Question : <11{2[3(02)26]}> Aron: The two double A batteries in my CD player are dead, so the CD player doesn’t work. My television remote control, which also uses two double A batteries, works fine. So if I move the two batteries from my television remote control to my CD player, the CD player will definitely work.Aron’s argument is most strengthened if which one of the following is true?Aron inserted the current batteries in his television remote control two months before he inserted the current batteries in his CD player.The amount of energy required to power the CD player is not greater than the amount of energy needed to power the television remote control.Aron has used his television remote control more times than he has used his CD player since inserting the current batteries into each device.Double A batteries provide less energy than either C batteries or D batteries.10. Question : <21{3[2(08)44]}> Surveys show that people who use calorie information to decide which foods to eat consume on average 100 calories less than they would if they didn’t check calorie information before eating. Strangely though, people who use calorie information in this way weigh more on average than people who don’t check calorie information before eating.Which one of the following, if true, best explains the surprising statistic stated above?There are fewer people who check calorie information before eating than people who don’t check calorie information before eating.People who usually check calorie information before eating consume more calories if they stop checking.Some people who check calorie information before eating don’t consume any fewer calories than they would if they didn’t check.People with a weight problem are most likely to check calorie information before eating.11. Question : <11{3[1(03)39]}> Last season at City Opera House, far more people attended opera X than opera Y. However, opera Y generated far greater net profits for City Opera House than did opera X.Each of the following could directly explain the result indicated above EXCEPT:a difference in the ticket prices of operas X and Ya difference in the operating expenses of operas X and Ya difference in the subject matters of operas X and Ya difference in the merchandise sales associated with operas X and Y12. Question : <21{4[1(10)54]}> Choose the pair of words/phrases among the choices that exhibits the same logical relationship as the words/phrases in the following pair.heavy : weightdry : wetfeather : scalehot : temperaturecolor : size13. Question : <21{4[3(02)46]}> Choose the pair of words/phrases among the choices that exhibits the same logical relationship as the words/phrases in the following pair.conductor : orchestraskater : rinkteacher : principalproducer : moviedirector : cast14. Question : <11{4[2(06)50]}> Choose the pair of words/phrases among the choices that exhibits the same logical relationship as the words/phrases in the following pair.gavel : judgebaton : conductorsymphony : composerstop sign : driverruler : math15. Question : <21{5[1(03)59]}> Barney: Last winter, I slipped on the outside stairs of PineTree Café and broke my leg. My fall was caused by ice on the stairs that the restaurant failed to remove. Since the restaurant clearly did not provide a safe atmosphere for its customers, I am justified in taking it to court.Lydia: Unwarranted lawsuits are sweeping the country—lawsuits that have no legal merit and are brought simply to make lawyers and their clients rich. If this trend continues, soon our legal system will be swamped to the point where it won’t be able to administer justice to people who truly deserve it. You therefore should drop your case against PineTree Café.The speakers above appear to disagree on which one of the following points?Barney is likely to win his case against Pinetree Café.Barney’s lawsuit against Pinetree Café is unwarranted.Many unwarranted lawsuits are sweeping the country.The legal system will soon be unable to administer justice to people who deserve it.16. Question : <11{5[1(01)57]}> Arthur: The solutions to most mystery novels I read are not believable. However, my enjoyment of a mystery novel depends only on its suspenseful mood and colorful characters.Norton: Roughly 80% of the mystery novels I read have believable solutions, which is good since I do not enjoy mystery novels that don’t have believable solutions.The speakers aboveagree that most mystery novels do not have believable solutionsagree that a suspenseful mood and colorful characters add to the enjoyment of a mystery noveldisagree on whether a believable solution is required for the enjoyment of a mystery noveldisagree on whether an author’s enjoyment in creating a mystery novel influences whether that novel will have a believable solution17. Question : <21{6[3(08)72]}> Some drugs combat obesity or alcohol addiction by turning off pleasure centers in the brain. However, if the dosage is too high, there’s a risk that people taking them will be plunged into depression.The statements above, if true, support which one of the following assertions?It is useless to try to treat obesity or alcohol addiction through drugs.All drugs, if taken at too high a dosage, pose the risk that the people taking them will be plunged into depression.The benefits of a medication may be at least somewhat offset by its side effects.Drugs that affect pleasure centers in the brain are often taken at dosages considered to be too high.18. Question : <7{6[3(02)66]}> In a survey of 10 film historians, half voted for Nosferatu as the greatest vampire film ever made, and the other half voted for Dracula. However, when asked which lead vampire character they considered more charismatic, all of the film critics chose Dracula over Nosferatu.Based on the information above, it must be true that for some film critics, their feelings about the charisma of the lead characteris the least important factor they consider when comparing two filmsis the most important factor they consider when comparing two filmsis not the most important factor they consider when comparing two filmsis the only factor they consider when comparing two films19. Question : <11{6[1(07)71]}> The higher the price of an antique, the greater people’s expectation that the object is rare. That, in turn, makes the antique appear more valuable.If the statements above are correct, then offering an antique for sale at a bargain pricewill likely increase people’s expectations that the antique is valuablewill guarantee that the antique will not sell at a profitshould be encouraged because it increases the likelihood that antique will be soldshould be discouraged because it lessens a quality that makes that antique desirable20. Question : <11{7[3(08)84]}> The president spoke to 19 congressmen from Texas to encourage them to vote for a bill. Since four of the 19 congressmen went on to vote for the bill, it is clear that the president persuaded those four to vote the way they did.The argument above assumes thatthe bill will not pass because a majority of Texas congressmen did not vote for itthe Texas congressmen who voted against the bill were persuaded by someone other than the president to vote the way they didthe president did not try to influence the votes of any congressmen outside of Texasthe four Texas congressmen who voted for the bill were against it before they spoke to the president21. Question : <11{7[2(03)79]}> Looking to increase the profits of his lemonade stand, Johann doubled the price of a cup of lemonade from 25 cents to 50 cents. This clearly shows Johann’s lack of business sense, for now he’ll almost certainly sell fewer cups at the new price and therefore make less money than before.The argument above assumes thatJohann is looking to double the profits of his lemonade standthe price increase will likely put Johann out of businessprofits from the price increase will not offset the money lost when fewer cups are soldeven if Johann sells more cups at the new price than he did at the old price, he’ll still lose money on the lemonade stand22. Question : <21{7[1(04)80]}> A company can either invest in employee training seminars or update its computer network. Since updating the computer network would result in more measurable benefits, the company would be best off updating its computer network.The argument above assumes thatinvesting in employee training seminars would yield negative results for the companythe more measurable a benefit, the greater value that benefit has to a companythe employee training seminars would focus on teaching employees to use the updated computer networkthe benefit of the company investing in employee training seminars cannot be measured at all23. Question : <11{8[3(02)90]}> Whereas many industries suffer during economic recessions, the art industry does well. Some think the reason is that artists feed off the anxiety and uncertainty during recessions to produce inspired works. Others think that recessions, while harmful to most people, produce a handful of very rich people willing to pay very high prices for artworks, driving up the value of the art market as a whole.The author of the passage above is primarily interested inproviding evidence that the art industry does well during recessionspresenting reasons for why the art industry does well during recessionsdiscussing the types of artworks that sell best during recessionsdescribing the effect that art has on the economy24. Question : <21{8[1(07)95]}> Political science professor: Many people insist that the Internet is revolutionizing the political process. They argue that Internet debates and online political polls and chat rooms give people greater access to political information. And they’re right that online political chatter increases daily. But offering or reading anonymous online opinions does not by itself make for active political participation. In the past one would attend a rally, protest, or town meeting to engage in real politics. Today, people sit passively in front of computer screens under the illusion that they are connecting with their fellow citizens.Which one of the following best expresses the main idea of the professor’s argument?Internet debates and online political polls and chat rooms give people greater access to political information.Political organizations of the past bear no resemblance to the political organizations of today.While the Internet has made more political content available, meaningful political involvement has decreased.The Internet has revolutionized the political process because it has allowed many more political viewpoints to be expressed.25. Question : <11{8[1(10)98]}> Sometimes people get caught in a “downward spiral,” a case in which something leads to a result which in turn leads to more of the original thing, bringing on more of the result. As the process continues, the result continually gets worse and worse. An example is when people turn to binge eating when depressed, which causes them to put on weight and feel unhealthy, which then makes them more depressed, leading to more overeating, and so on.The author is mainly concerned withconvincing people not to overeatexplaining the process of the “downward spiral”showing how overeating can lead to depressionshowing how some processes lead to surprising results 
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1. Question : <21{1[1(01)01]}> Since Jessica’s participation in local politics increased significantly after she joined her school’s political science club, it is clear that her involvement in that club led her to take an interest in politics.The argument above is flawed becauseit doesn’t say which political issues Jessica is interested init states that the only purpose of the political science club is to spark an interest in politicsit misuses the word “significantly”it’s possible that an interest in politics caused Jessica to join the political science club2. Question : <11{1[2(06)06]}> Reporter: A new campaign finance reform bill being considered by Congress would limit the amount of campaign contributions that political candidates can receive. However, a survey of candidates running for mayor, governor, and senate seats shows that not one of them favors the bill. Clearly, there is no desire among politicians to limit campaign contributions.Which one of the following points out the flaw in the reporter’s argument above?The reporter doesn’t indicate the amount that the new bill would limit campaign contributions.The evidence provided by the reporter suggests that most politicians are in favor of the new bill.The reporter wrongly assumes that no politician has ever supported a bill intended to limit campaign contributionsThe views of candidates currently running for office do not necessarily represent the views of all politicians.3. Question : <11{1[4(23)23]}> People have claimed that Jamie’s paintings have given them the blues. Clearly this cannot be entirely correct, since many of Jamie’s paintings contain no blue at all.The argument above is flawed because the authorprovides no evidencemisinterprets a key termrelies on contradictory factsis not a noted painting expert4. Question : <11{1[1(19)19]}> All sages provide both wisdom and inspiration. Since Dasha’s speech contained wisdom and greatly inspired her audience, Dasha is a sage.Which one of the following points out the flaw in the argument above?Just because Dasha is a sage doesn’t mean that she is always wise and inspirational.Just because Dasha’s speech provided wisdom and inspiration doesn’t mean that it provided more wisdom than inspiration.Just because Dasha satisfied two requirements of being a sage doesn’t necessarily mean that she satisfies all the requirements of being a sage.Just because Dasha provided wisdom and inspiration in a speech doesn’t mean that all sages use speeches to provide wisdom and inspiration.5. Question : <11{1[3(02)02]}> Catherine goes to her local movie theater only to see romantic comedies. Since Catherine did not go to the movies yesterday, there is not a romantic comedy playing at her local theater.The reasoning above is flawed because the evidencedoes not suggest that Catherine goes to see every romantic comedy that plays at her local movie theaterimplies that Catherine is uninterested in most types of moviesdoes not indicate whether Catherine watches only romantic comedies at homesuggests that Catherine’s local movie theater hardly ever shows romantic comedies6. Question : <21{1[2(24)24]}> The average height of members of the high school basketball team is six feet, three inches. Jerry is on the high school basketball team, so Jerry must be taller than six feet.The argument above is flawed because it confusesJerry with other members of the teamthe members of one team with the members of another teampeople who are six feet three inches tall for people who are exactly six feet tallan average for the individuals that make up that average.7. Question : <21{2[2(12)36]}> Career counselor: It is best for artists to build a practical and safe career that will guarantee them a secure income, and then pursue their art in their spare time. That way, they will be motivated to work hard at their day jobs to support their art making, and both their career and their art will thrive.Which one of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument?Some forms of art making are expensive and require a good deal of money to pursue.Many people who aren’t artists prefer to pursue practical and safe careers.Having the time and money to make art doesn’t guarantee an artist commercial success.Splitting time between two pursuits in life often causes both to suffer.8. Question : <11{2[3(11)35]}> Some politicians claim to support the environment in speeches they make around the country. However, to get to those speeches they ride in gas guzzling, pollution creating private planes. They therefore clearly don’t believe a word of what they say and are actually making the environmental problem worse.Which one of the following, if true, would best weaken the argument above?Some of the politicians try to hide the fact that they travel by private plane to their speeches around the country.Most people who hear the politicians’ speeches on the environment are unconvinced by their arguments.A majority of voters surveyed agree that politicians sometimes make society’s problems worse.Improvements to the environment brought about through the politicians’ public support of environmental regulations more than offset the damage done to the environment by the politicians’ private planes.9. Question : <11{2[3(02)26]}> Aron: The two double A batteries in my CD player are dead, so the CD player doesn’t work. My television remote control, which also uses two double A batteries, works fine. So if I move the two batteries from my television remote control to my CD player, the CD player will definitely work.Aron’s argument is most strengthened if which one of the following is true?Aron inserted the current batteries in his television remote control two months before he inserted the current batteries in his CD player.The amount of energy required to power the CD player is not greater than the amount of energy needed to power the television remote control.Aron has used his television remote control more times than he has used his CD player since inserting the current batteries into each device.Double A batteries provide less energy than either C batteries or D batteries.10. Question : <21{3[2(08)44]}> Surveys show that people who use calorie information to decide which foods to eat consume on average 100 calories less than they would if they didn’t check calorie information before eating. Strangely though, people who use calorie information in this way weigh more on average than people who don’t check calorie information before eating.Which one of the following, if true, best explains the surprising statistic stated above?There are fewer people who check calorie information before eating than people who don’t check calorie information before eating.People who usually check calorie information before eating consume more calories if they stop checking.Some people who check calorie information before eating don’t consume any fewer calories than they would if they didn’t check.People with a weight problem are most likely to check calorie information before eating.11. Question : <11{3[1(03)39]}> Last season at City Opera House, far more people attended opera X than opera Y. However, opera Y generated far greater net profits for City Opera House than did opera X.Each of the following could directly explain the result indicated above EXCEPT:a difference in the ticket prices of operas X and Ya difference in the operating expenses of operas X and Ya difference in the subject matters of operas X and Ya difference in the merchandise sales associated with operas X and Y12. Question : <21{4[1(10)54]}> Choose the pair of words/phrases among the choices that exhibits the same logical relationship as the words/phrases in the following pair.heavy : weightdry : wetfeather : scalehot : temperaturecolor : size13. Question : <21{4[3(02)46]}> Choose the pair of words/phrases among the choices that exhibits the same logical relationship as the words/phrases in the following pair.conductor : orchestraskater : rinkteacher : principalproducer : moviedirector : cast14. Question : <11{4[2(06)50]}> Choose the pair of words/phrases among the choices that exhibits the same logical relationship as the words/phrases in the following pair.gavel : judgebaton : conductorsymphony : composerstop sign : driverruler : math15. Question : <21{5[1(03)59]}> Barney: Last winter, I slipped on the outside stairs of PineTree Café and broke my leg. My fall was caused by ice on the stairs that the restaurant failed to remove. Since the restaurant clearly did not provide a safe atmosphere for its customers, I am justified in taking it to court.Lydia: Unwarranted lawsuits are sweeping the country—lawsuits that have no legal merit and are brought simply to make lawyers and their clients rich. If this trend continues, soon our legal system will be swamped to the point where it won’t be able to administer justice to people who truly deserve it. You therefore should drop your case against PineTree Café.The speakers above appear to disagree on which one of the following points?Barney is likely to win his case against Pinetree Café.Barney’s lawsuit against Pinetree Café is unwarranted.Many unwarranted lawsuits are sweeping the country.The legal system will soon be unable to administer justice to people who deserve it.16. Question : <11{5[1(01)57]}> Arthur: The solutions to most mystery novels I read are not believable. However, my enjoyment of a mystery novel depends only on its suspenseful mood and colorful characters.Norton: Roughly 80% of the mystery novels I read have believable solutions, which is good since I do not enjoy mystery novels that don’t have believable solutions.The speakers aboveagree that most mystery novels do not have believable solutionsagree that a suspenseful mood and colorful characters add to the enjoyment of a mystery noveldisagree on whether a believable solution is required for the enjoyment of a mystery noveldisagree on whether an author’s enjoyment in creating a mystery novel influences whether that novel will have a believable solution17. Question : <21{6[3(08)72]}> Some drugs combat obesity or alcohol addiction by turning off pleasure centers in the brain. However, if the dosage is too high, there’s a risk that people taking them will be plunged into depression.The statements above, if true, support which one of the following assertions?It is useless to try to treat obesity or alcohol addiction through drugs.All drugs, if taken at too high a dosage, pose the risk that the people taking them will be plunged into depression.The benefits of a medication may be at least somewhat offset by its side effects.Drugs that affect pleasure centers in the brain are often taken at dosages considered to be too high.18. Question : <7{6[3(02)66]}> In a survey of 10 film historians, half voted for Nosferatu as the greatest vampire film ever made, and the other half voted for Dracula. However, when asked which lead vampire character they considered more charismatic, all of the film critics chose Dracula over Nosferatu.Based on the information above, it must be true that for some film critics, their feelings about the charisma of the lead characteris the least important factor they consider when comparing two filmsis the most important factor they consider when comparing two filmsis not the most important factor they consider when comparing two filmsis the only factor they consider when comparing two films19. Question : <11{6[1(07)71]}> The higher the price of an antique, the greater people’s expectation that the object is rare. That, in turn, makes the antique appear more valuable.If the statements above are correct, then offering an antique for sale at a bargain pricewill likely increase people’s expectations that the antique is valuablewill guarantee that the antique will not sell at a profitshould be encouraged because it increases the likelihood that antique will be soldshould be discouraged because it lessens a quality that makes that antique desirable20. Question : <11{7[3(08)84]}> The president spoke to 19 congressmen from Texas to encourage them to vote for a bill. Since four of the 19 congressmen went on to vote for the bill, it is clear that the president persuaded those four to vote the way they did.The argument above assumes thatthe bill will not pass because a majority of Texas congressmen did not vote for itthe Texas congressmen who voted against the bill were persuaded by someone other than the president to vote the way they didthe president did not try to influence the votes of any congressmen outside of Texasthe four Texas congressmen who voted for the bill were against it before they spoke to the president21. Question : <11{7[2(03)79]}> Looking to increase the profits of his lemonade stand, Johann doubled the price of a cup of lemonade from 25 cents to 50 cents. This clearly shows Johann’s lack of business sense, for now he’ll almost certainly sell fewer cups at the new price and therefore make less money than before.The argument above assumes thatJohann is looking to double the profits of his lemonade standthe price increase will likely put Johann out of businessprofits from the price increase will not offset the money lost when fewer cups are soldeven if Johann sells more cups at the new price than he did at the old price, he’ll still lose money on the lemonade stand22. Question : <21{7[1(04)80]}> A company can either invest in employee training seminars or update its computer network. Since updating the computer network would result in more measurable benefits, the company would be best off updating its computer network.The argument above assumes thatinvesting in employee training seminars would yield negative results for the companythe more measurable a benefit, the greater value that benefit has to a companythe employee training seminars would focus on teaching employees to use the updated computer networkthe benefit of the company investing in employee training seminars cannot be measured at all23. Question : <11{8[3(02)90]}> Whereas many industries suffer during economic recessions, the art industry does well. Some think the reason is that artists feed off the anxiety and uncertainty during recessions to produce inspired works. Others think that recessions, while harmful to most people, produce a handful of very rich people willing to pay very high prices for artworks, driving up the value of the art market as a whole.The author of the passage above is primarily interested inproviding evidence that the art industry does well during recessionspresenting reasons for why the art industry does well during recessionsdiscussing the types of artworks that sell best during recessionsdescribing the effect that art has on the economy24. Question : <21{8[1(07)95]}> Political science professor: Many people insist that the Internet is revolutionizing the political process. They argue that Internet debates and online political polls and chat rooms give people greater access to political information. And they’re right that online political chatter increases daily. But offering or reading anonymous online opinions does not by itself make for active political participation. In the past one would attend a rally, protest, or town meeting to engage in real politics. Today, people sit passively in front of computer screens under the illusion that they are connecting with their fellow citizens.Which one of the following best expresses the main idea of the professor’s argument?Internet debates and online political polls and chat rooms give people greater access to political information.Political organizations of the past bear no resemblance to the political organizations of today.While the Internet has made more political content available, meaningful political involvement has decreased.The Internet has revolutionized the political process because it has allowed many more political viewpoints to be expressed.25. Question : <11{8[1(10)98]}> Sometimes people get caught in a “downward spiral,” a case in which something leads to a result which in turn leads to more of the original thing, bringing on more of the result. As the process continues, the result continually gets worse and worse. An example is when people turn to binge eating when depressed, which causes them to put on weight and feel unhealthy, which then makes them more depressed, leading to more overeating, and so on.The author is mainly concerned withconvincing people not to overeatexplaining the process of the “downward spiral”showing how overeating can lead to depressionshowing how some processes lead to surprising results 
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1. Question : <21{1[1(01)01]}> Since Jessica’s participation in local politics increased significantly after she joined her school’s political science club, it is clear that her involvement in that club led her to take an interest in politics.The argument above is flawed becauseit doesn’t say which political issues Jessica is interested init states that the only purpose of the political science club is to spark an interest in politicsit misuses the word “significantly”it’s possible that an interest in politics caused Jessica to join the political science club2. Question : <11{1[2(06)06]}> Reporter: A new campaign finance reform bill being considered by Congress would limit the amount of campaign contributions that political candidates can receive. However, a survey of candidates running for mayor, governor, and senate seats shows that not one of them favors the bill. Clearly, there is no desire among politicians to limit campaign contributions.Which one of the following points out the flaw in the reporter’s argument above?The reporter doesn’t indicate the amount that the new bill would limit campaign contributions.The evidence provided by the reporter suggests that most politicians are in favor of the new bill.The reporter wrongly assumes that no politician has ever supported a bill intended to limit campaign contributionsThe views of candidates currently running for office do not necessarily represent the views of all politicians.3. Question : <11{1[4(23)23]}> People have claimed that Jamie’s paintings have given them the blues. Clearly this cannot be entirely correct, since many of Jamie’s paintings contain no blue at all.The argument above is flawed because the authorprovides no evidencemisinterprets a key termrelies on contradictory factsis not a noted painting expert4. Question : <11{1[1(19)19]}> All sages provide both wisdom and inspiration. Since Dasha’s speech contained wisdom and greatly inspired her audience, Dasha is a sage.Which one of the following points out the flaw in the argument above?Just because Dasha is a sage doesn’t mean that she is always wise and inspirational.Just because Dasha’s speech provided wisdom and inspiration doesn’t mean that it provided more wisdom than inspiration.Just because Dasha satisfied two requirements of being a sage doesn’t necessarily mean that she satisfies all the requirements of being a sage.Just because Dasha provided wisdom and inspiration in a speech doesn’t mean that all sages use speeches to provide wisdom and inspiration.5. Question : <11{1[3(02)02]}> Catherine goes to her local movie theater only to see romantic comedies. Since Catherine did not go to the movies yesterday, there is not a romantic comedy playing at her local theater.The reasoning above is flawed because the evidencedoes not suggest that Catherine goes to see every romantic comedy that plays at her local movie theaterimplies that Catherine is uninterested in most types of moviesdoes not indicate whether Catherine watches only romantic comedies at homesuggests that Catherine’s local movie theater hardly ever shows romantic comedies6. Question : <21{1[2(24)24]}> The average height of members of the high school basketball team is six feet, three inches. Jerry is on the high school basketball team, so Jerry must be taller than six feet.The argument above is flawed because it confusesJerry with other members of the teamthe members of one team with the members of another teampeople who are six feet three inches tall for people who are exactly six feet tallan average for the individuals that make up that average.7. Question : <21{2[2(12)36]}> Career counselor: It is best for artists to build a practical and safe career that will guarantee them a secure income, and then pursue their art in their spare time. That way, they will be motivated to work hard at their day jobs to support their art making, and both their career and their art will thrive.Which one of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument?Some forms of art making are expensive and require a good deal of money to pursue.Many people who aren’t artists prefer to pursue practical and safe careers.Having the time and money to make art doesn’t guarantee an artist commercial success.Splitting time between two pursuits in life often causes both to suffer.8. Question : <11{2[3(11)35]}> Some politicians claim to support the environment in speeches they make around the country. However, to get to those speeches they ride in gas guzzling, pollution creating private planes. They therefore clearly don’t believe a word of what they say and are actually making the environmental problem worse.Which one of the following, if true, would best weaken the argument above?Some of the politicians try to hide the fact that they travel by private plane to their speeches around the country.Most people who hear the politicians’ speeches on the environment are unconvinced by their arguments.A majority of voters surveyed agree that politicians sometimes make society’s problems worse.Improvements to the environment brought about through the politicians’ public support of environmental regulations more than offset the damage done to the environment by the politicians’ private planes.9. Question : <11{2[3(02)26]}> Aron: The two double A batteries in my CD player are dead, so the CD player doesn’t work. My television remote control, which also uses two double A batteries, works fine. So if I move the two batteries from my television remote control to my CD player, the CD player will definitely work.Aron’s argument is most strengthened if which one of the following is true?Aron inserted the current batteries in his television remote control two months before he inserted the current batteries in his CD player.The amount of energy required to power the CD player is not greater than the amount of energy needed to power the television remote control.Aron has used his television remote control more times than he has used his CD player since inserting the current batteries into each device.Double A batteries provide less energy than either C batteries or D batteries.10. Question : <21{3[2(08)44]}> Surveys show that people who use calorie information to decide which foods to eat consume on average 100 calories less than they would if they didn’t check calorie information before eating. Strangely though, people who use calorie information in this way weigh more on average than people who don’t check calorie information before eating.Which one of the following, if true, best explains the surprising statistic stated above?There are fewer people who check calorie information before eating than people who don’t check calorie information before eating.People who usually check calorie information before eating consume more calories if they stop checking.Some people who check calorie information before eating don’t consume any fewer calories than they would if they didn’t check.People with a weight problem are most likely to check calorie information before eating.11. Question : <11{3[1(03)39]}> Last season at City Opera House, far more people attended opera X than opera Y. However, opera Y generated far greater net profits for City Opera House than did opera X.Each of the following could directly explain the result indicated above EXCEPT:a difference in the ticket prices of operas X and Ya difference in the operating expenses of operas X and Ya difference in the subject matters of operas X and Ya difference in the merchandise sales associated with operas X and Y12. Question : <21{4[1(10)54]}> Choose the pair of words/phrases among the choices that exhibits the same logical relationship as the words/phrases in the following pair.heavy : weightdry : wetfeather : scalehot : temperaturecolor : size13. Question : <21{4[3(02)46]}> Choose the pair of words/phrases among the choices that exhibits the same logical relationship as the words/phrases in the following pair.conductor : orchestraskater : rinkteacher : principalproducer : moviedirector : cast14. Question : <11{4[2(06)50]}> Choose the pair of words/phrases among the choices that exhibits the same logical relationship as the words/phrases in the following pair.gavel : judgebaton : conductorsymphony : composerstop sign : driverruler : math15. Question : <21{5[1(03)59]}> Barney: Last winter, I slipped on the outside stairs of PineTree Café and broke my leg. My fall was caused by ice on the stairs that the restaurant failed to remove. Since the restaurant clearly did not provide a safe atmosphere for its customers, I am justified in taking it to court.Lydia: Unwarranted lawsuits are sweeping the country—lawsuits that have no legal merit and are brought simply to make lawyers and their clients rich. If this trend continues, soon our legal system will be swamped to the point where it won’t be able to administer justice to people who truly deserve it. You therefore should drop your case against PineTree Café.The speakers above appear to disagree on which one of the following points?Barney is likely to win his case against Pinetree Café.Barney’s lawsuit against Pinetree Café is unwarranted.Many unwarranted lawsuits are sweeping the country.The legal system will soon be unable to administer justice to people who deserve it.16. Question : <11{5[1(01)57]}> Arthur: The solutions to most mystery novels I read are not believable. However, my enjoyment of a mystery novel depends only on its suspenseful mood and colorful characters.Norton: Roughly 80% of the mystery novels I read have believable solutions, which is good since I do not enjoy mystery novels that don’t have believable solutions.The speakers aboveagree that most mystery novels do not have believable solutionsagree that a suspenseful mood and colorful characters add to the enjoyment of a mystery noveldisagree on whether a believable solution is required for the enjoyment of a mystery noveldisagree on whether an author’s enjoyment in creating a mystery novel influences whether that novel will have a believable solution17. Question : <21{6[3(08)72]}> Some drugs combat obesity or alcohol addiction by turning off pleasure centers in the brain. However, if the dosage is too high, there’s a risk that people taking them will be plunged into depression.The statements above, if true, support which one of the following assertions?It is useless to try to treat obesity or alcohol addiction through drugs.All drugs, if taken at too high a dosage, pose the risk that the people taking them will be plunged into depression.The benefits of a medication may be at least somewhat offset by its side effects.Drugs that affect pleasure centers in the brain are often taken at dosages considered to be too high.18. Question : <7{6[3(02)66]}> In a survey of 10 film historians, half voted for Nosferatu as the greatest vampire film ever made, and the other half voted for Dracula. However, when asked which lead vampire character they considered more charismatic, all of the film critics chose Dracula over Nosferatu.Based on the information above, it must be true that for some film critics, their feelings about the charisma of the lead characteris the least important factor they consider when comparing two filmsis the most important factor they consider when comparing two filmsis not the most important factor they consider when comparing two filmsis the only factor they consider when comparing two films19. Question : <11{6[1(07)71]}> The higher the price of an antique, the greater people’s expectation that the object is rare. That, in turn, makes the antique appear more valuable.If the statements above are correct, then offering an antique for sale at a bargain pricewill likely increase people’s expectations that the antique is valuablewill guarantee that the antique will not sell at a profitshould be encouraged because it increases the likelihood that antique will be soldshould be discouraged because it lessens a quality that makes that antique desirable20. Question : <11{7[3(08)84]}> The president spoke to 19 congressmen from Texas to encourage them to vote for a bill. Since four of the 19 congressmen went on to vote for the bill, it is clear that the president persuaded those four to vote the way they did.The argument above assumes thatthe bill will not pass because a majority of Texas congressmen did not vote for itthe Texas congressmen who voted against the bill were persuaded by someone other than the president to vote the way they didthe president did not try to influence the votes of any congressmen outside of Texasthe four Texas congressmen who voted for the bill were against it before they spoke to the president21. Question : <11{7[2(03)79]}> Looking to increase the profits of his lemonade stand, Johann doubled the price of a cup of lemonade from 25 cents to 50 cents. This clearly shows Johann’s lack of business sense, for now he’ll almost certainly sell fewer cups at the new price and therefore make less money than before.The argument above assumes thatJohann is looking to double the profits of his lemonade standthe price increase will likely put Johann out of businessprofits from the price increase will not offset the money lost when fewer cups are soldeven if Johann sells more cups at the new price than he did at the old price, he’ll still lose money on the lemonade stand22. Question : <21{7[1(04)80]}> A company can either invest in employee training seminars or update its computer network. Since updating the computer network would result in more measurable benefits, the company would be best off updating its computer network.The argument above assumes thatinvesting in employee training seminars would yield negative results for the companythe more measurable a benefit, the greater value that benefit has to a companythe employee training seminars would focus on teaching employees to use the updated computer networkthe benefit of the company investing in employee training seminars cannot be measured at all23. Question : <11{8[3(02)90]}> Whereas many industries suffer during economic recessions, the art industry does well. Some think the reason is that artists feed off the anxiety and uncertainty during recessions to produce inspired works. Others think that recessions, while harmful to most people, produce a handful of very rich people willing to pay very high prices for artworks, driving up the value of the art market as a whole.The author of the passage above is primarily interested inproviding evidence that the art industry does well during recessionspresenting reasons for why the art industry does well during recessionsdiscussing the types of artworks that sell best during recessionsdescribing the effect that art has on the economy24. Question : <21{8[1(07)95]}> Political science professor: Many people insist that the Internet is revolutionizing the political process. They argue that Internet debates and online political polls and chat rooms give people greater access to political information. And they’re right that online political chatter increases daily. But offering or reading anonymous online opinions does not by itself make for active political participation. In the past one would attend a rally, protest, or town meeting to engage in real politics. Today, people sit passively in front of computer screens under the illusion that they are connecting with their fellow citizens.Which one of the following best expresses the main idea of the professor’s argument?Internet debates and online political polls and chat rooms give people greater access to political information.Political organizations of the past bear no resemblance to the political organizations of today.While the Internet has made more political content available, meaningful political involvement has decreased.The Internet has revolutionized the political process because it has allowed many more political viewpoints to be expressed.25. Question : <11{8[1(10)98]}> Sometimes people get caught in a “downward spiral,” a case in which something leads to a result which in turn leads to more of the original thing, bringing on more of the result. As the process continues, the result continually gets worse and worse. An example is when people turn to binge eating when depressed, which causes them to put on weight and feel unhealthy, which then makes them more depressed, leading to more overeating, and so on.The author is mainly concerned withconvincing people not to overeatexplaining the process of the “downward spiral”showing how overeating can lead to depressionshowing how some processes lead to surprising results 
http://www.ashfordhomeworks.com/download/bus-402-week-3-critical-thinking-quiz/