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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the first digital computer?
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ENIAC (1939-1952)
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What are Mainframes?
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They are digital machines used in business and government.
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Differientate first, second, and third-generation mainframes.
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First - vacuum tubes
Second - built with transistors Third - OS and multiprocessing |
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What is the first Microcomputer?
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MITS Altair 8800 (1975-Present)
- includes OS and programming languages programs |
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What are Networking Personal Computers?
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(1985-present)
Use of netwroks. |
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What are LANs?
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Local Area Networks which use Ethernet to share data among microcomputers.
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What are WANs?
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Wide Area Networks like the internet.
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What is hardware?
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Electronic components and related gadgetry that input, process, output, store, communicate data according to instructions encoded in computer programs or software.
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What is E-cycling?
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the recycling of electronic hardware.
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What are examples of input hardware?
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Keyboard, mouse, document scanners, barcode scanners, microphones.
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What is the CPU?
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Central processing unit
- selects instructions, processes them, performs arithmetic, and logical comparisons, and stores results of operations in memory, |
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What is the "Speed (clock rate)"?
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the rate at which the SPU can perform operations.
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What is cache memory?
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Fast memory that stores frequently used instruction.
(Volatile) |
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What is Volatile?
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contents are lost when the computer is shut off.
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What is Main Memory?
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aka. RAM
a set of cells which each cell holds a byte of data or instruction; each cell has an address and the CPU uses the addresses to identify particular data items (volatile) |
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How many bits are in a byte?
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8
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What is the difference between a Client and a Server?
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Client - for word processing, spreadsheets,database access.
Server - provides service to client computers. File servers, databases. |
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What are Server farms?
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ard collection of computer that coordinate all activities where sophisticated and fascinating technology dance.
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What are Special function cards?
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add special functionality to a computer
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Output hardware
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monitors, printers, speakers, projectors
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What are storage hardware?
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Saves data and programs
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What are examples of storage hardware?
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Magnetic disk
- size, channel type and speed, rotational speed, seek time. DVD, CD Magnetic tape. |
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What is an OS?
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a program that controls the computer's resources
- manages main memory, processes keystrokes, mouse, signals to monitor, reads/writes files, processes of other programs. |
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What is an Instruction set?
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The commands that a CPU can process. OS works with processors to conform to a certain instruction set.
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What are application softwares?
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Porgrams that perform a business function. (Word, Excel)
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What is Horizontal-market application?
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Software that provides capabilities common across all organizations and idustries (word processor, spreadsheets)
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What is Vertical-market application?
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Softare that serves theneeds of a specific industry. (dental office appointment software,auto shop software)
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What is One-of-a-kind application?
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Software developed for a specifi, unique need.
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What is Firmware?
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Computer software that is installed into devices likecomputer hardware, printersand various communication devices. (in ROM and tells device how to function)
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What is BIOS?
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Basic Input/Output system
- Firmware used when booting a computer; checks to make sure memory and input devices are working and then loads the OS. |
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What is a Virus?
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It is a computer program that replicates itself.
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What is Payload?
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The program code that causs unwanted activity
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What are Macro viruses?
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attach themselves to Word, Excel, or other types of documents. When opened, the virus infects ever file that the application created.
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What is a worm?
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a virus that propagates using the Internet or other computer network. Worms spread faster than other viruses because they are programmed to spread. Worms actively use the network to spread. Sometimes, worms so chokes a network that it becomes unusable.
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