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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1st and 2nd line of defense
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1st --> skin (an organ)
2nd --> immune system |
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skin functions
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- protection
- temperature regulation - vitamin d synthesis - pain sensation - pressure |
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most common burn injury
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thermal
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least common burn injury
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radiation
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four mechanisms
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1. thermal
2. chemical 3. electrical 4. radiation |
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thermal
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caused by a heat source
- thermal burn occurs when skin is directly damaged by temp. |
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thermal classified into 3 zones
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* zone of coagulation
* zone of stasis * zone of hyperemia |
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thermal: zone of coagulation
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damaged skin and underlying tissue that represent cellular death
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thermal: zone of stasis (surrounding the zone of coag.)
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living tissue around which increase blood flow occurs
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thermal: zone of hyperemia
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where living tissue shows sign of the inflammatory response
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chemical
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contact with an acid, alkali, or organic compound
- often are absorbed systemically - can be used as assault weapons |
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what does the severity of a chemical burn depend on?
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- type of agent
- concentration - volume - duration of exposure |
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nursing care for the chemical burn pt.
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* prevent the spread of the chemical injury
rationale: to prevent further injury * protect all people who come in contact with the injured person |
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electrical
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can occur secondary to high or low -voltage e-
- cause minimum cutaneous injury but are assoc. with vague c/o pain and neurological signs and symptoms |
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electrical
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high voltage usually causes deep underlying injuries & visible tissue damage
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radiation
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severity of theses burns can range from minor to lethal
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radiation: exposure may result from
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- air transmission
- inhalation - ingestion - skin contact |
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classification of burns
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by size and depth
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burns
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only partial and full thickness burns are calculated
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another rule of thumb for calculating
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is the palm of the hand, which can serve as a measure
- the entire palm surface is approx. 1% of TBSA (total body surface area) |
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rule of nines
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most universal accepted tool and must be modified for peds patients
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