Burke, Miscellaneous Chemistry

Front 1

Is ion traping of local anesthetics by the fetus facilitated by fetal acidosis or fetal alkalosis?

Back 1

Fetal acidosis facilitates ion trapping. Local anesthestics, which are weak bases, become progressively more ionized as PH falls. The lower the fetal pH, the great the amount of local anesthetic ionized form in the fetus, and the greater amount of ion trapping. An Ionized drug does not cross the placenta from the fetus to the mother.

Front 2

If a local anesthetic is injected into an area of local infection, will the onset be hastened or slowed?

Back 2

Speed of onset will be slowed because the prevailing acidosis of the infected region increases the extent of ionization, which slows diffusion through lipid bilayers, including the lipid bilayers of neurons

Front 3

What are ways in which a patient will lose heat in the OR?

Back 3

*radiation
conduction
convection
evaporation

Front 4

Explain Dalton's Atomic Theory

Back 4

All matter (elements) is composed of atoms.
The elements are comprised of only one kind of atom.
The atoms of a given element all exhibit identical chemical properties and have the same mass.

Front 5

What is Avagadro's number?

Back 5

1 mole = 6.023 x 10 to the 23rd