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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Corynebacterium diphtheriae
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Dipt toxin - inhibits protein synthesis (inactivate EF-2)
Clinical: pharyngitis + pseudomembrane, severe lymphadenopathy (bull neck) |
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Pseudomonas
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Exotoxin A - inactivate EF-2 - inhibits protein synthesis
Clinical: host cell dealth |
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Shigella
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Shiga toxin - inactivate 60S ribosome - inhibits protein synthesis
Clinical: GI mucosal damage - dysentery and cytokine release (HUS) |
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Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
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Shiga-like toxin - inactivates 60S
Clinical: HUS (BUT DOESNT INVADE HOST CELLS) |
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Enterotoxigenic E Coli
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Heat-labile - overactivates AC (high cAMP) -increases Cl- secretion in gut and H2O efflux
Heat-stable - overactivates GC (High cGMP) -Decrease reabsorption of Na and H20 in gut Clinical: watery diarrhea |
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Bacillus anthracis
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Edema factor - mimics AC (high cAMP) - causes edema and phagocyte dysfunction
Lethal factor - zinc-dependent protease - inhibits MAPK signaling -> apoptosis and physiologic dysfunction Clinical: responsible for characteristic edematous borders of eschar nodules |
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Vibrio Cholera
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Cholera Toxin 0 overactivates AC - permanently activating Gs - increased Cl- and H2O efflux
Clinical: voluminous Rice water diarrhea, secretory diarrhea, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance |
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Bordatella pertussis
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pertussis toxin - DISABLE Gi - overactivates AC (high cAMP) - impairs phagocytosis (PMN, lymphocyte dysfunction) and causes edema, increased sensitivity to histamine
adenylate cyclase toxin - functions as AC -> increases cAMP -> causes edema and messes up phagocyte Clinical: whooping cough (cough on inspiration, whoop on expiration) high histamine sensitivity and phagocyte dysfunction |
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Clostridium tetani
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tetanospasmin - cleaves SNARE
Spasticity, lock jaw prevents release of GABA from Renshaw cells in spinal cord |
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Clostridium botulinum
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botulinum toxin - CLEAVES SNARE
Flaccid paralysis - floppy baby prevents release of Ach |
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Clostridium Perfringens
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Alpha toxin - phospholipase (lecithinase) that degrades tissue and cell membranes
Myonecrosis (gas gangrene) hemolysis (double zone on blood agar) |
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Strept pyogenes
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Streptolysin O - degrades cell membrane
Exotoxin A - toxic shock syndrome (fever, rash, shock) lyse RBCs - contribute to beta hemolysis Anti-ASO - used to Dx Rheumatic fever |
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Staph. aureus
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TSST-1 - cause overwhelming release of IFN-g and IL-2
Toxic shock: fever, rash, shock, scalded skin syndrome, food poisoning |
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C. difficile
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Cytotoxin A - recruits and activates PMN - release of cytokines that cause inflammation, fluid loss and diarrhea
Cytotoxin B - induces actin depolymerization- leads to mucosal cell death and necrosis +pseudomembrane |
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Gram - Endotoxin
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LPS (lipid A) - activate macrophages, complement, tissue factor
Edema, NO, DIC, Outermembrane, TNF-a, O-antigen, IL-1, PMN chemotaxis |
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Obligate Aerobes
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O2-dependent generation of ATP
Nocardia, Pseudomonas, Mycobacterium TB |
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Obligate Anaerobes
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lack catalase or superoxide dismutase
Clostridium, bacteroides, actinomyces |
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Obligate intracellular
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Cant make own ATP
Rickettsia, Chlamydia |
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Facultative Intracellular
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Salmonella, Neisseria, Brucella, Mycobacterium, Listeria, Francisella, Legionella, Yersinia
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Encapsulated bacteria
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SHiNE SKiS
Strep pneumo, Haemophilus influenza, Neisseria meningitidis, E. coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella, group B Strep |
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Catalase +
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degrade H2O2
Pseudomonas, Listeria, Aspergillus, Candida, E. coli, S. aureus, Serratia infect chronic granulomatous disease patients |
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Urease +
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Cryptococcus, H. pylori, Proteus, Ureaplasma, Nocardia, Klebsiella, S. epidermidis, S. Saprophyticus
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Soil Spores
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Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium perfringens, C. tetani
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Other Spores
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B. cereus, C. botulinum, Coxiella burnetii
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