Bugs With Exotoxins

Front 1

S. aureus

Back 1

Superantigen: binds directly to MHC II and T-cell receptor simultaneously, activating large numbers of T cells to stimulate release of IFN-gamma and IL-2
TSST-1 superantigen: Toxic shock syndrome
Alpha toxin: hemolysis
Beta toxin: sphingomyelinase
enterotoxins A-E-->food poisoning
exfoliatin: scalded skin syndrome
Hemolysin: hemolysis
Leukocidin: destroys leukocytes

Front 2

S. pyogenes

Back 2

Superantigen: bind directly to MHC II and T-cell receptor simultaneously, activating large numbers of T cells to stimulate release of IFN-gamma and IL-2
Scarlet fever-erythrogenic toxin-->toxic shock like syndrome
Streptolysin O-->hemolysis (Oxygen labile)
Streptolysin S-->hemolysis (Oxygen stabile)

Front 3

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Back 3

ADP ribosylating A-B toxins interfere with host cell function.
Inactivates elongation factor (EF-2)-->pseudomembrane and pharyngitis

Front 4

Vibrio cholera

Back 4

ADP ribosylating A-B toxin
ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cylcase, increases pumping of Cl into gut and decreases Na absorption. Water moves into gut lumen-->voluminous rice water diarrhea
permanently activates Gs-->cAMP induction

Front 5

E. coli

Back 5

ADP ribosylating A-B toxins
Heat labile toxin stimulates adnylate cyclase, is a cAMP inducer.
Heat stabile toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase.
both -->watery diarrhea

Front 6

Bordetella pertussis

Back 6

ADP ribosylating A-B toxins
Increase cAMP by inhibiting Gi-->whooping cough.
Inhibits chemokine receptor-->lymphocytosis

Front 7

Clostridium perfringens

Back 7

alpha toxin, a lecthinase that acts as a phopsholipase to cleave cell membranes-->gas gangrene
get double zones of hemolysis on agar

Front 8

C tetani

Back 8

tetanospasmin: blocks release of inhibitory NTs GABA and glycine-->lockjaw

Front 9

C. botulinum

Back 9

blocks release of acetylcholine-->anticholinergic symptoms, CNS paralysis (esp cranial nerves)
spores in canned food, honey
"floppy baby"

Front 10

Bacillus anthracis

Back 10

edema factor: is an adenylate cyclase that increases cAMP

Front 11

Shigella

Back 11

Shiga toxins: cleaves host cell rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome); enhances cytokine release-->HUS

Front 12

S. pyogenes

Back 12

Streptolysin O: hemolysin; antigen for ASO antibody