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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pesticide Selection
choosing chemical controls has 2 factors. the site the pests for the app to be legal, the application site or target site must be ... |
listed on the label
****************************** the app site or target site must be listed on the label ****************************** EX if label says CORN as only app site you can't use it on wheat bulbs etc. |
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what about labels that list ornamentals but not any particular plant(s)?
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that label is then open to interpretation.
Therefore the product can be legally uses on any ornamentals |
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But if the label specifically only certain ornamentals does what?
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legally restrict the app to only those listed
simple enough |
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the target site has to be on the label
but what? |
but the pest does not
this was in bold letters **************************** |
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ck label to see if product will control a pest.
manufacturor will only list ... |
the pests it tested AND what the product DID control
if your pest is not listed, it means one of 2 things the product wasn't tested against that pest product was tested but didn't work |
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However, it is legal to use a pesticide on a Labeled Site even ...
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if the pest is not listed
***************************** again its ok to use a product on a site that it says its ok regardless what bugs your trying to kill (they only test against key bugs anyway so they can't do them all) |
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APPLICATION TIMING
after finding the product to use, check label for proper app timing. why? |
many pesiticides require app at a specific time to prevent:
infestations or to target the vulnerable stage of pest organism. (this means insect growth stage ((larvae or crawler)) or plant growth stage ((prebloom or postbloom)) |
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Fungicides / Bactericides timing of apps indicate app timing in relation to plant growth stages.
Labels might want to time apps to weather or a season. give EX? |
to control codling moth
make 1st app after number of degree days or culmutive heat days. this measures when that bug larvae are most exposed and vulnerable to chem control |
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Target Coverage
we want uniform thorough coverage of target plant or pest when using insecticides and fungicides. So when using a contact type insecticides, what? |
we must either cover or expose to pest to enough contact w/ the treated foliage to get a toxic dose.
to do this, cover the plant completely with the contact insecticide. Again, coat the entire plant w/ the contact insecticide, same w/ protectant fungicides or bactericides coat entire plant, leave tops and bottoms to create the barrier. ***************************** |
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some labels will say to apply to runoff. meaning spray until its dripping from the plant. what else?
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might need to do it twice to ensure adequate coverage and proper dosage.
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best way to ensure proper coverage / dosage is to ...
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select an appropiate app method.
apply it uniformly keep equipment in good working order calibrate equipment to deliver proper amt of pesticide to target area calculate amt of pesticide to do the job from app rate stated on label. |
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the app method you choose depends on product.
But what is our overall objective here? |
to get the product in contact to plants beign protected or w/ the bug problem
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here are common app methods used these days:
foliar apps (directs it to aerial portions of plant) soil apps (directly to soil) Broadcast treatment (called blanket apps) covers the entire plant, either foliage or soil band treatment means doing a strip over or along crop row furrow app is placement directly OVER seed at planting time spot treatmet = hitting it somewhere to control a low level pest problem more>>>>>>>>>> |
soil incorporation working it in into the soil. use tillage equipment or water to mix pesticide w/ soil
soil injection = app of a pesticide beneath soil surface Drench is saturating soil w/ pesticide solution thats it. DIP is submerging a plant into pesticide solution Chemigation is putting this stuff in an irrigation system |
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Application equipment
is it a large or small job? 2 groups here: applies dry pesiticide applies liquid in a carrier (water or oil) what is the function of the app equipment? |
to deliver proper rate of chemicals and uniformly over target area
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Equipment for Dry Apps
Granular (like a dry spreader) multiple gravity feed outlet (lawn spreader)or aircraft rigs w/ air driven feed spreaders some machines use a shaker can what are the basic parts to a dry applicator? |
hopper for the stuff
agitator at the base metering device that regulates the flow of granules |
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Equipment for liquid applicators
sprayers here. types and sizes either applies dilute or concentrate, low volume or high gallonage what does a hydraulic sprayer do? |
makes spot band broadcast tratements
water is the medium to transport active ingredient most hydralic sprayers are powered and towed rigs. small hydralic jobs are hand held or backpacks. these are low pressure systems |
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low pressure means 15-80 psi.
low pressure won't deliver all the types of sprays you can buy of insecticides and fungicides whats not good about a low pressure spray rig? |
it doesn't penetrate dense foliage (low pressure won't do that) low pressur is used for ag and large turf jobs
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Hi pressure sprayers good for hi volumes at hi pressures.
Ex is 50 gallons per minute and pressures like 800 psi. have booms & provide what? |
thorough coverage and can penetrate dense foliage produce small droplets, so thing drift.
Use this hi pressure on shade trees, onrmamental plants, orchards |
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Air Blast sprayers great for good coverage but its still a drift problem.
mist blowers used in orchards and shade trees. Make a spray that goes about 120-200 mph! what and why this? |
this hi air blast mist allows for lower water volume than standard air blast sprayers.
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FRANULAR APPLICATOR CALIBRATION
2 things you have to set on equipment b/f you spread? |
calibrate size of gate opening
ground speed of applicator these 2 things determine granular applicator outpu |
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the rate at which granules flow out of applicator depends on///
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size of gate opening
the larger opening? more granules flow, thus higher delivery rate. Changing size of gate opening significianlty increases / decreases delivery rate |
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This discussion is concerning delivery rate of granulars. we talked about gate opening
new we talk about rate or the speed of delivery. what does this also affect? |
output per unit area.
as speed increases, less material is applied per unit area! when speed is reduced MORE material is applied EXCEPT with wheel-driven applicators SO, when small changes to the delivery rate is necessary, adjust travel speed. |
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REVIEW <<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>
we are to relate delivery rate to the gate opening size and? |
applicator speed relates to total output per unit area.
Therefore, if we change the delivery rate(the hole) we must adjust travel speed. |
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So we can adjust either delivery rate OR travel speed to fine tune our application.
can we do this in one check? |
no, it usually takes a few adjustments b/f to calibrate applicator correctly
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Calibration is ?
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amt of material delivered
over a known area *************************** |
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what 3 variables can determine sprayer output?
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nozzle output
nozzle spacinge/spray width ground speed of sprayer |
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We know nozzle output varies w/ pressure & size of nozzle tip.
increasing pressure does what? |
increases output BUT
does not porportionally increase output! EX doubling nozzle pressure does NOT double flow rate! **************************** this is a somewhat expontial output change, not linear This means make MINOR changes in spray delivery rate, not MAJOR ones. Keep operating pressure MAINTAINED w/in range for nozzle type to get uniform pattern |
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Spray delivery rate decreases propotionally as ...
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speed of sprayer increases, just as it did with granular
Therefore, doubling ground speed reduces spray per acre by half, right? Right. EXCEPTION: Wheel sprayers do NOT conform to this rule b/c speed of travel also affects the pressure |
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Srayer calibration determines amt of spray vol delivered per ...
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unit area.
Most labels state this PER ACRE. OR per 1,000 sq feet. So? Calibrate sprayer and determine delivery rate in units used on label ie gallons per acre/per 1,000 sq ft, etc |
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to calibrate a sprayer we need to figure first your speed of the machine
what is the formula? |
feet traveled X 60
__________________ = mph time in secs X 88 EX 200ft X 60 _____________ 30 secs X 88 = 4.5 mph |
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So we determined speed of machine
Next we determine nozzle output. how? |
while pump is running, adjust to desired pressure while pump is running normal speed w/ water flowing thru nozzles
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Then collect spray from a nozzle
use math here to figure how much came out of a nozzle. |
if you did this for 30 secs then its 30 X 2 for one minute
You can catch and average 5 nozzles Now take that ave output and convert to gallons per minute 32.8 oz per minute ----------------- 128 oz per gallon = 0.25 gals per minute (GPM) |
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we determined the speed
we determined nozzle output We MEASURE NOZZLE spacing ex 20 inches Now what? |
Calculate gallons per acre delivery rate (GPA)
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