Bugs Intro To Insect & Disease Mang

Front 1

A pest is:

Back 1

any bug plant bacteria virus fungus varmit that competes w/ our intrests

one bug might eat aphids w/h is beneficial while another bug eats a plants roots w/h is very bad and makes that bug a PEST

Front 2

The best way to look at this is to have a strategy(s) to keep a pest pop. at a level thats eco & detrimental are acceptable.

we want to SUPPRESS the pest pop to ...

Back 2

an acceptable level. And we know that amt of control depends on the level of infestation.

Front 3

What is ERADICATION?

Back 3

total elimination of a pest

its rarely advised UNLESS:

the pest damage is $$$ on crops or plantings

or serves as a VECTOR (carrier) of disease.

Front 4

INTEGRATED PEST MANG. IPM

what is IPM?

Back 4

the use of all available tactics or strategies to attain a eco acceptible yield or plant quality while causing least disruption to the enviro

Front 5

we need pest knowledge
life cycles
pest's relations to hosts
why?

Back 5

to know what times to kill them

there are certain times bugs are vulnerable in their life cycle.

Front 6

A pest is:

Back 6

any bug plant bacteria virus fungus varmit that competes w/ our intrests

one bug might eat aphids w/h is beneficial while another bug eats a plants roots w/h is very bad and makes that bug a PEST

Front 7

The best way to look at this is to have a strategy(s) to keep a pest pop. at a level thats eco & detrimental are acceptable.

we want to SUPPRESS the pest pop to ...

Back 7

an acceptable level. And we know that amt of control depends on the level of infestation.

Front 8

What is ERADICATION?

Back 8

total elimination of a pest

its rarely advised UNLESS:

the pest damage is $$$ on crops or plantings

or serves as a VECTOR (carrier) of disease.

Front 9

INTEGRATED PEST MANG. IPM

what is IPM?

Back 9

the use of all available tactics or strategies to attain a eco acceptible yield or plant quality while causing least disruption to the enviro

Front 10

we need pest knowledge
life cycles
pest's relations to hosts
why?

Back 10

to know what times to kill them

there are certain times bugs are vulnerable in their life cycle.

Front 11

what is biological monitoring called

Back 11

scouting

Front 12

scouting sampling trapping are ways to measure pest ?

Back 12

population levels

Front 13

so monitoring weather temperatures and moisture alerts the pest manager to what

Back 13

potential severity of pest outbreaks WHICH influences timing of control measures

Front 14

sanitation can decrease fungi bacteria viral pop which reduces what

Back 14

need for pesticide treatments

Front 15

there are parasitic and predacious insects that work to maintain

Back 15

pest pop at acceptable levels

Front 16

reducing incestide use protects

Back 16

good bugs like ladybird beetles and wasps that eat catapillers and aphids

Front 17

we need to detect a bug problem before it IS a problem

not doing so

Back 17

increases control costs

Front 18

sometimes a bug problem is obvious

sometimes you have to look close, find a plant that

Back 18

does not look right

Front 19

to uncover a bug problem, get good at detecting a problem we need to

Back 19

understand normal plant growth

freq monitoring of fields greemhouses ornamental planting turf

an ability to see a problem

know about bugs disease and what are good organisms

Front 20

most bugs are not a problem OR are actually good bugs. so the rule here is to

Back 20

truly know what is causing a problem before we start spraying

Front 21

a species can be a problem in one situation but not in another!

Use the Cooperative Extension office because

Back 21

they have books and pampletes on pest identification and control options

Front 22

knowing a pest's life cycle is essential

why

Back 22

so you can apply a spray at a susceptible life stage

some can be as adults others as babies but spraying at a nonvulnerable stage does little

Front 23

this really isn't about killing bugs this is about

Back 23

saving a crop and the crops value

Dealing with plant diseases its more critical to identifing the problem correctly and control it at the optimal time

Front 24

only try controling a pest when its causing a $$ problem or aesthetic problem. But remember ...

Back 24

nothing is gained if the cost of controlling a pest is more than the damage it is causing

Front 25

when determing a pest problem is causing an economic threat consider

Back 25

pest pop
geo location
plant variety
plant growth stage
cost of control
value of crop

Front 26

THRESHOLDS

the discussion here is economic injury level

you need to apply control measure b/f reaching what

Back 26

the ECONOMIC INJURY LEVEL

this is called the ECONOMIC THRESHOLD (theres 2 thresholds)

Front 27

The idea here is NOT reaching the EIL economic INJURY level. what is the economic injury level?

Back 27

the EIL is where damage is greater than control costs.

this means your losing money trying to fight the bugs

Front 28

so that was the EIL

What is EL?

Back 28

EL is enonomic threshold

this is where have to act to prevent reaching EIL

Front 29

EL & EIL so what?

Back 29

the EL or economic threshold is also called the action threshold or treatment threshold.

Front 30

Is the EL when damage is first seen?

Back 30

A plant may tolerate a great deal of damage b/f control is needed.

But other plants? maybe show little damage but its there.

Front 31

this idea of ET been around long time. for major crops and pest systems. what do we need to determine EL and EIL?

Back 31

lots of information needed to est EL

Front 32

discussion of pest damage includes enviro conditions but largely what affect pest activity and population levels?

Back 32

unpredictable variable affect
1) suscetibility of plants
2) pest activity / pop levels

Front 33

METHODS OF PEST CONTROL

pesticides are usually first choice of bug control b/c

Back 33

its the cheapest

but this brings in the enviro

human animal enviro health

look for alternatives w/h is the following discussion

Front 34

RESISTANT VARIETIES

planting resistent variety plants to bugs

whenever possible plant pest resistant plants why?

Back 34

avoiding a pest infestation is easier to do than fighting a pest infestation.

use of resistant varieties is important in disease mang.

Front 35

CROP ROTATION

what can crop rotation offer in this discussion of pest control?

Back 35

crop rotation works in ag as a control method. creates optimal growing conditions for the plant or unfavorable conditions for bugs.

Front 36

CULTURAL CONTROL METHODS

what are cultural methods to control pests?

Back 36

cultural control methods:

create optimal growing conditions for the plant or unfavorable conditions for the pest.

tillage
varying planting time
fertilizing
irrigating
pruning
thinning

Front 37

other methods are more directly related to pest control

what?

Back 37

planting trap crops! let the bugs eat the trap crop

sanitation practices
removal of plant residuals that harbor disease

Front 38

EXs of cultural control are:

change watering / vent patterns to prevent moss in greenhouses

water & fertilizer birch trees freq to help w/stand bronze birch borer attack

what else?

Back 38

plant winter wheat late to avoid Hessian fly

prune veg to let more light into areas infected w/ powdery mildew

remove elm trees infected w/ Dutch elm disease

Front 39

Mechanical & Physical Control

a form of cultural control

mechanical & Phy control do what?

Back 39

prevent the spread or reduce size of the pest pop

mechanical traps
barriers
light
sound
heat
cold
electrocution

remember crop production doesn't use these methods BUT can be effective in ornamental landscapes and greenhouses!

EX spuashing an aphid on a rose is mechanical control! Using a water spray to wash bugs off a plant works!

Front 40

REGULATORY CONTROLS

this is legal controls

how?

Back 40

restricting human activity

fed state local regulations provide backbone like:
quarantines
inspections
embargoes
compulsory plant / animal destruction

Front 41

Biological Control

makes the most of the effect NATURAL enemies have on pests.

how?

Back 41

1,000s of bugs and their disease agents are predators and parasites of ag / ornamental plant pests. So make every effort to not kill these bugs! This means carefull selections of control methods, esp pesticides

Front 42

By the way, predators (wasps) and parasites have INTENTIONALLY been introduced from outside the US. Like what?

Back 42

Ladybird beetles
parasitic wasps

Front 43

ladybird beetles
lacewings
syrphid flies
parasitic wasps
ants control insects in large and small scale ag and urban situations. so what?

Back 43

use management strategies to enhance the activities of biological control organisms!

Its a long term strategy. requires scientists and biological control programs etc

Front 44

SANTITATION control

involves what?

Back 44

cleanup efforts
removing rotten wood etc
eliminate breeding sites
some techniques remove water or food of pests!
EX removing piles of rotten potatoes reduces volunteer plants that are source of blight fungus

Front 45

some sanitation practices are:
pathogen free seed stock
pathogen free propogation
planting sites
removing infected plants

what is pathogen free seeds?

Back 45

making clean seed reduces plant disease spread


pathogen free propagation is growing path free vegation in a nursery.

planting sites is where we can control / reduce disease by eliminating other plants ie weeds that are hosts for disease. Wheat stem rust was removed when barberry was eradicated

Front 46

removing infected plants

disease can be managed by removing infected plants or plant parts b/f disease speads.
what else

Back 46

burn or remove infected plants or plant parts from a site to rid area of the pest organism

Front 47

CHEMICAL controls

essential component of pest control program and always will.

great for large or rapidly growing pest pop. what else?

Back 47

chemical control is usually the most effective economic or only way to control bugs

Front 48

EVALUATION

see if your strategy is working. if not what?

Back 48

change strategy. consider costs and long term consquences. ie pesticide resistance / enviro concerns

Front 49

KEEPING CURRENT

bugs disease mang strategies are always changing.

so what?

Back 49

keep up stay aware of the potential of chemical resistance, intro of new pests, advancements in mang techniques.