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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Obligate Aerobes
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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Anaerobes
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(Ob.) Bacteroides: fragilis, distasonis, ovatus, thetaitaomicron, vulgatus, uniformis, caccae
Clostridium: botulinum, difficile, perfringens, tetani Peptococcus/Peptostreptococcus (Ob.) Prevotella: bivia, disiens, melaninogenica, denticola, intermedia, oralis, oris (Ob.) Fusobacterium nucleatum Propionibacterium acnes |
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Facultative
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Staph.
Strep E. coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Campylobacter jejuni Helicobacter pylori Bacillus: subtilis, anthracis, cereus Enterococcus Corynebacterium: diptheriae, jekium Listeria monocytogenes Enterobacter: cloacae Citrobacter freundii Morganella morganii Proteus: mirabilis, vulgari Providencia stuartii Serratia marcescens Salmonella enterica Shigella flexneri Yersinia: entercolitica, pestis Psuedomonas aeruginosa Burkholderia cepacia Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Alcaligenes xyloxidans Helicobacter jejuni Gardnerella vaginalis Haemophilus influenxae, ducreyi Brucella melitensis Bordetella pertussis Francisella tularensis Pasteurella multocida Legionella pneumophilia Vibro cholerae, parahemolyticus Acinetobacter sp. Moraxella catarrhalis Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria meningitidis Eikenella corrodens |
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Enterobacteriaceae
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E. coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae Enterobacter cloacae Serratia marcescens Citrobacter freundii Proteus mirabilis, vulgari Salmonella enterica Shigella flexneri Providencia stuartii Morganella morganii Yersinia entercolitica, pestis |
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Pseudomonads
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Pseudomonas
Burkholferia Stenotrophomonas |
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Neisseriaceae
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(Aerobes)
Acinetobacter sp. Moraxella catarrhalis Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria meningitidis Eikenella corrodens |
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Normal GI Microflora
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E. coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae Enterobacter cloacae Citrobacter fruendii Morganella morganii Proteus mirabilis, vulgari Providencia stuartii Serratia marcescens |
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Gram Positive Cocci
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Staph: aureus, epidermidis
Strep: pyogenes, agalactiae, pneumoniae, viridans, bovis Enterococci: faecalis, faecium Peptostreptococcus |
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Gram Positive Bacilli
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Nontypical Mycobacterium Nocardia asteroides Bacillus anthracis, subtilis, cereus Corynebacterium diptheriae Corynebacterium jekium Listeria monocytogenes Clostridium botulinum Clostridium difficile Clostridium perfringens Clostridium tetani Propionibacterium acnes |
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Gram Negative Cocci
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Acinetobacter sp.
Moraxella catarrhalis Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria meningitidis Eikenella corrodens |
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Gram Negative Bacilli
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Enterobacteriaceae fam.
Pseudomonadaceae fam. Alcaligenes xyloxidans Campylobacter jejuni Helicobacter pylori Gardneralla vaginalis Haemophilus influenxae Haemophilus ducreyi Brucella melitensis Bordetella pertussis Francisella tularensis Pasteurella multocida Vibrio cholerae Vibrio parahemolyticus Bacteroides Prevotella Fusobacterium |
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Atypicals
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Acinetomyces israelii
Chlamydia pneumoniae Chalmydia trachomatis Mycoplasma pneumoniae Rickettsia rickettsii Bartonella henselae Coxiella burnetti Ehrlichia chaffeensis Borrelia burgdorferi Treponema pallidum |
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Staphylococcus Aureus
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Facultative; G +
MSSA, MRSA Coagulase +; Catalase + Habitat: Nares, Skin (+/-) Infections: Soft tissue, Endocarditis, Osteomyelitis, Septic arthritis, Wound- and Catheter-associated, TSS, Pneumonia Exotoxin: Exfoliatin B (protease) and Leukocidin alpha toxin Resistance: BLase, *PBP, *DNA gyrase |
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Staphylococcus Epidermidis
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Facultative, G +
Coagulase -; Catalase - Habitat: Skin Infections: Devices, Catheter- and Prosthetic-related Infection VF: Slime |
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Staphylococcus Saprophyticus
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Facultative, G +
Coagulase -; Catalase + Habitat: Vagina Infections: UTI |
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Streptococcus Pyogenes
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Group A Strep
Facultative, G + Bacitracin + Habitat: Oropharynx (+/-) Infections: Pharyngitis, Otitis, Tonsillitis, Soft tissue Cellulitis VF: Pili Exotoxin: Streptolysin O Resistance: rRNA methylation |
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Streptococcus Agalactiae
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Group B Strep
Facultative, G + Bacitracin - Habitat: Vagina (+/-), Gut Infections: Neonatal sepsis/meningitis, Peurperal sepsis, Diabetic extremity infections |
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Streptococcus Pneumoniae
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Facultative, G +
Bile Solubility/Optochin + Habitat: Nasopharynx Infections: Pneumoniae (CA), Otitis, Meningitis, RTI Exotoxin: Pneumolysin Resistance: *PBP, rRNA Methylation ~Vaccine Available |
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Streptococcus viridans
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Facultative, G +
Bile Solubility/Optochin - Habitat: Oropharynx, Gut Infections: Periodontal Disease, Endocarditis |
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Streptococcus Bovis
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Group D Strep
Non-hemolytic Facultative, G + Habitat: ? Infections: Endocarditis, Intra-abdominal |
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Enterococcus Faecalis
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Facultative, G +
Habitat: Gut (intestines) Infections: UTI, Intra-abdominal, Endocarditis Resistance: BLase |
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Enterococcus Faecium
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Facultative, G +
Habitat: Gut (intestines) Infections: UTI, Intra-abdominal, Endocarditis Resistance: *PBP |
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Peptostreptococcus
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Ob. Ana, G +
Habitat: Oropharynx, Gut Infections: Pleuropulmonary (aspiration pneumonia) |
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Acinetobacter sp.
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Cocci, Aerobic G -, Fam. = Neiss.
Oxidase - Habitat: Oropharynx, Skin Infections: Opportunistic (any organ system) Resistance: (A. baumanii) = Intrinsic res. to Pens |
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Moraxella catarrhalis
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Cocci, Aerobic G -, Fam. = Neiss.
Oxidase + Habitat: Nasopharynx (esp. children) Infections: Otitis, Conjuctivitis, Meningitis Resistance: BLase |
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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Cocci, Aerobic G -, Fam. = Neiss.
Oxidase + Habitat: STD (human reservoir) Infections: Gonorrhea, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Septic Arthritis VF: Pili, Intracellular growth Resistance: BLase |
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Neisseria meningitidis
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Cocci, Aerobic G -, Fam. = Neiss.
Oxidase + Habitat: Nasopharynx (+/-) Infections: Meningitis VF: Pili, Intracellular growth, Encapsulated ~Vaccine available! |
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Eikenella corrodens
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Cocci, Aerobic G -, Fam. = Neiss.
Habitat: Oropharynx (dental plaque) Infections: Clenched fist, Human bite wound infection VF: Pili, Intracellular growth |
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Acid-Fast, Weakly G +, Facultative, Bacilli
Habitat: Human reservoir Infection: Tuberculosis VF: Prevention of oxidation Resistance: Severl |
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Non-Typical Mycobacteria
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Acid-Fast, Weakly G +, Facultative, Bacilli
Habitat: Varies Infection: Tuberculosis-like infection in the immunocompromised, Soft tissue infection in the healthy, Leprosy |
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Nocardia asteroides
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Acid-Fast, Weakly G +, Facultative, Bacilli
Habitat: Soil Infection: Opportunistic RTI |
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Bacillus anthracis, subtilis, cereus
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Facultative, G +, Spore formers
Habitat: Soil, Contaminated food Infection: Wound, Food poisoning Exotoxin: (Bacillus anthracis) = Anthrax EF, Anthrax Toxin LF (A2+B) ~Vaccine Available |
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Corynebacterium diptheriae
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Facultative, G +, Bacilli
Habitat: Nasopharyngeal "carriers" in 3rd world Infection: Diptheria Forms exudates in oral cavity ~Vaccine Available |
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Corynebacterium jekium
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Facultative, G +, Bacilli
Habitat: Gut, Skin, Vagina Infection: Opportunistic |
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Listeria monocytogenes
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Facultative, G +, Bacilli
Habitat: Zoonosis Infection: Pregnant women + neonates, Opportunistic, Meningitis Exotoxin: Listerolysin |
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Clostridium botulinum
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Anaerobe, G +, Spore former, Bacilli
Habitat: Contaminated food Infection: Botulism, Wound infections Exotoxin: Botulinum toxin |
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Clostridium difficile
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Anaerobe, G +, Spore former, Bacilli
Habitat: Gut (HA) Infection: CDAD 1st line Tx: Metronidazole |
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Clostridium perfringens
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Anaerobes, G +, Spore former, Bacilli
Habitat: Gut Infection: Gas gangrene, Intra-abdominal Exotoxin: Perfringiolysin O |
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Clostridium tetani
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Anaerobe, G +, Spore former, Bacilli
Habitat: Soil Infection: Tetanus Exotoxin: Tetanus Toxin A/B ~Vaccine Available |
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Propionibacterium acnes
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Anaerobe, G +, Bacilli
Habitat: Skin Infection: Acne |
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E. coli
K. pneumoniae E. cloacae C. freundii Morganella morganii Proteus mirabilis P. vulgari Providencia stuartii Serratia marcescens |
Faculatative, G -, Bacilli
Fam. = Enterobacteriaceae Habitat: Gut, Can colonize URT in HA, Zoonosis (E. coli) Infections: UTI, Gastroenteritis (E. coli), Intra-abdominal, Diabetic extremity infections, Pneumonia (usually nosocomial, except for K. pneumoniae -- alcoholics) VF: E. coli - Pili, Intracellular growth, Siderophores K. pneumoniae - encapsulation Exotoxins: E. coli - Hemolysin, Heat Labile Toxin Resistance: E. coli - BLase K. pneumoniae - BLase E. cloacae - cephalosporinase |
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Salmonella enterica +
Shigella flexneri |
Facultative, G -, Bacilli
Not part of normal gut microflora Habitat: Zoonosis (Salmonella), Contaminated foods, Fecal/Oral Infection: Salmonella - Typhoid fever, Gastroenteritis, Septicemia Shigella - Dysentery, Gastroenteritis VF: Salmonella - Pili, Intracellular growth, Siderophores Shigella - Intracellular growth Exotoxin: Shigella - Shiga Toxin A/5B ~Vaccine available for Salmonella enterica |
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Yersiniae entercolitica +
Yersinia Pestis |
Facultative, G -, Bacilli
Not part of normal gut microflora Habitat: Zoonosis Y. entercolitica - fresh water streams Infection: Y. entercolitica - Gastroenteritis Y. pestis - Plague ~Vaccine available for Y. pestis |
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Facultative, G -, Bacilli
Fam. = Pseudomonadaceae Rods with polar flagella Habitat: Water, Soil, Food, Gut and URT in hospitalized pts Infection: Pneumonia (nosocomial), UTI, Wound infections (burn and DM pts), RTI's in cystic fibrosis pts Exotoxin: Pseudomonas Exotoxin A/B Resistance: *porin channel, Carbapenemase |
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Burkholderia cepacia
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Facultative, G -, Bacilli
Fam. = Pseudomonadaceae Rods with polar flagella Habitat: Plants, Soil, Water Can survive in the human gut Infection: RTI's in cystic fibrosis pts |
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Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
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Facultative, G -, Bacilli
Fam. = Pseudomonadaceae Rods with polar flagella Habitat: HA, Opportunistic Infection: UTI, Wound, Catheter Resistance: Carbapenemase (intrinsic); resistant to all Pens |
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Alcaligenes xyloxidans
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Facultative, G -, Bacilli
Habitat: Soil, Water Infection: Opportunistic RTI's |
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Campylobacter jejuni
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Microaerophilic, G -, Bacillis
Habitat: Zoonosis Infection: Gastroenteritis |
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Helicobacter pylori
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Microaerophilic, G -, Bacillis
Habitat: Human reservoir, other? Infection: Peptic Ulcer Disease |
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Gardnerella vaginalis
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Facultative, G -, Bacilli
Habitat: Vagina Infection: Bacterial Vaginosis |
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Haemophilus influenzae
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Facultative, G -, Bacilli
Habitat: Nasopharynx (esp. children) Infecton: Otitis, Epiglottitis, Meningitis, Bronchitis, Pneumonia (adults) esp. smokers Resistance: BLase ~Vaccine available (Hib) |
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Haemophilus ducreyi
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Facultative, G -, Bacilli
Habitat: STD (human reservoir) Infection: Chanchroid |
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Brucella melitensis
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Facultative, G -, Bacilli
Habitat: Zoonosis Infection: Brucellosis |
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Bordetella pertussis
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Facultative, G -, Bacilli
Habitat: Adult human reservoir Infection: Infant whooping cough, less severe in older people VF: Intracellular growth Exotoxin: Bordetella pertussis AC toxin A/B, Pertussis Toxin A-5B ~Vaccine available |
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Francisella tularensis
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Facultative, G -, Bacilli
Habitat: Zoonosis (rabbits, rodents) Infection: Tularemia |
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Pasteurella multocida
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Facultative, G -, Bacillis
Habitat: Zoonosis (dogs and cats), Oropharynx of animals Infection: Animal bite wounds Readily treated |
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Legionella pneumophilia
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Facultative, G -, Bacilli
Habitat: Contaminated water (in AC units) Infection: Legionnaire's Disease |
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Vibrio cholerae +
Vibrio parahemolyticus |
Facultative, G -, Bacilli
Habitat: Sewage-contaminated water, Shellfish Infection: Cholera, Gastroenteritis Exotoxin: Cholera Toxin ~Vaccine available (v. cholerae) |
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Bacteroides distasonis +
B. fragilis + B. ovatus + B. thetaiotaomicron + B. vulgatus + B. uniformis + B. caccae |
Ob. Ana, G -, Bacillis
Habitat: Gut Infection: Intra-abdominal abscesses |
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Prevotella disiens +
Prevotella bivia |
Ob. Ana, G -, Bacilli
Habitat: Vagina Infection: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease |
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Prevotella melaninogenica +
P. denticola + P. disiens + P. intermedia + P. oralis + P. oris |
Ob. Ana, G -, Bacilli
Habitat: Oropharynx Infection: Pleuropulmonary (aspiration pneumonia) |
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Fusobacterium nucleatum
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Ob. Ana, G -, Bacilli
Habitat: Oropharynx, Gut Infection: Gingivitis, Sepsis |
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Actinomyces israelii
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Atypical
Habitat: Oropharynx Infection: Periodontal Disease, Actinomycosis |
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Chlamydia pneumoniae
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Atypical
Habitat: Oropharynx Infection: Pneumonia (esp. elderly) Can survive in human cells |
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Chlamydia trachomatis
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Atypical
Habitat: STD Infection: Non-gonococcal urethritis and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Trachoma VF: Intracellular growth |
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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Atypical
Lacks cell wall - intrinsic resistance to all beta lactams Highly pleiomorphic Habitat: Oropharynx, Gut Infection: Pneumonia, RTI's |
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Ureaplasma urealyticum
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Atypical
Mycoplasma Lacks cell wall Highly pleiomorphic Habitat: Vagina Infection: UTI (STD) |
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Rickettsia rickettsii
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Atypical
Obligate Intracellular Habitat: Zoonosis (TICK vector) Infection: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
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Bartonella henselae
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Atypical
Fam. = Rickettsiaceae Obligate Intracellular Habitat: Zoonosis Infection: Cat Scratch Infection/Fever, Bacillary Angiomatosis in the immunocompromised |
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Coxiella burnetti
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Atypical
Fam. = Rickettsiaceae Obligate Intracellular Habitat: Zoonosis Inhalation Infection: Q Fever |
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Ehrlichia Chaffeensis
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Atypical
Fam. = Rickettsiaceae Obligate Intracellular Habitat: Zoonosis (TICK vector) Infection: Ehrlichiosis |
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Borrelia burgdorferi
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Atypical
Spriochete Habitat: Zoonosis (TICK vector) Infection: Lyme Disease |
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Treponema pallidum
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Atypical
Spirochete Habitat: STD (human reservoir) Infection: Syphilis |
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Spore Formers
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B. anthracis
B. subtilis B. cereus C. botulinum C. difficile C. perfringens C. tetani |
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Vaccine Available
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S. pneumoniae
N. meningitidis B. anthracis, subtilis, cereus C. diptheriae C. tetani S. enterica Y. pestis H. influenzae B. pertussis V. cholerae |
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Opportunistic/Immunocompromised
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Opportunistic:
Acinetobacter sp. Nocardia asteroides (RTI) C. jekium L. monocytogenes (meningitis) Alcaligenes xyloxidans (RTI) Immunocompromised: NTM - tuberculosis-like disease in AIDS B. henselae - bacillary angiomatosis P. aeruginosa - wound infections in burn and DM pts, and RTI in CF pts B. cepacia - RTI in CF pts C. difficile - CDAD (HA) |
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Hospital Habitat
+ Device Acquired |
S. aureus (catheter and devices)
S. epidermidis (catheter and devices) C. difficile (CDAD following antimicrobial Tx) S. maltophilia (catheter) |
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Tick Vectors
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Rickettsia rickettsii
Ehrlichia chaffeensis Borrelia burgdorferi |
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Skin Microflora
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S. epidermidis
S. saprophyticus Propionibacterium acnes Corynebacterium sp. S. aureus |
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Tongue and Buccal Mucosa Microflora
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S. viridans
Lactobacilli Neisseria sp. (+/-) C. albicans |
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Gingival crevices and Tonsillar crypts Microflora
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Fusobacterium sp.
Veillonella sp. Prevotella sp. Numerous other ob. ana's |
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Nares and Nasopharynx Microflora
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S. aureus
S. pneumoniae H. influenzae N. meningitidis S. pyogenes |
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Stomach and Upper SI Microflora
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S. viridans
Lactobacilli H. pylori (50%) |
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Ileum Microflora
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Bacteroides group
Other ob. ana's E. coli E. faecalis E. faecium |
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Colon Microflora
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Bacteroides group
Prevotella sp. Fusobacterium sp. Clostridium sp. Peptostreptococcus sp. E. coli Klebsiella sp. Proteus sp. Enterobacter sp. S. viridans Lactobacilli Enterococci sp. |
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Vagina Microflora
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Doderlain's Bacilli (G +, non-pathogenic)
Lactobacilli Peptostreptococci sp. Clostridium sp. Corynebacterium sp. Prevotella (disiens, bivius) Gardnerella vaginalis S. agalactiae |
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Normally sterile sites
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Blood
Interstitial fluid CSF Lymph Urine |
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Virulence Factors
Pili and Slime |
Pili:
Salmonella E. coli Neisseria S. pyogenes Slime: S. epidermidis S. saprophyticus |
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Virulence Factors
Encapsulation |
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae N. meningitidis K. pneumoniae Salmonella typhi |
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Virulence Factors
Prevention of oxidation or phagosome-lysosome fusion |
M. tuberculosis
L. pneumophilia L. monocytogenes T. gondii |
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Virulence Factors
Intracellular growth |
Salmonella
Shigella Invasive E. coli Neisseria B. pertussis Chlamydia Rickettsia |
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Virulence Factors
Siderophores |
Salmonella
E. coli |
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Virulence Factors
Exotoxins that interact with G protein |
Cholera toxin
Diptheria toxin Pertussis toxin E. coli heat labile toxin Pseudomonas exotoxin |
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Virulence Factors
Exotoxins that are proteases |
Shiga toxin
Botulinum toxin Tetanus toxin Anthrax toxin B. pertussis AC toxin Bacillus anthracis EF Exfoliatin B |
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Virulence Factors
Pore-Forming Bacterial Exotoxins |
Perfringiolysin O (C. perf)
Hemolysin (E. coli) Listerolysin (L. monocytogenes) Anthrax EF (B. anthracis) Alpha Toxin (S. aureus) Pneumolysin (S. pneumoniae) Streptolysin O (S. pyogenes) Leukocidin (S. aureus) PVL (MRSA) |
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Endotoxins
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Structural component in bacteria which is released when the bacteria is lysed
i.e. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Lipo-oligo-saccharide (LOS) These are in the O.M. of G - Bacteria |
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LPS
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Polysaccharide chain + lipid moiety called Lipid A
Lipid A is responsible for toxic effects |
