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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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why were the chinese intereted in karma
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-encourages moral life
-gives you conrole -blueprint of how tobehave -why bad things --> good people |
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Chinese problems with buddhism
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1) universal (want to know what area boddhisatva has jurisdiction over – doesn't work that way)
2) buddha not chinese (no rituals/rites) 3) in india monks leave society – outide ruler's jurisdiction so abandon ruler/subject relationships 4) family values – how buddha's a dad and all - forsake attachments, leave society, no descendents, what about the ancestors?? |
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Response to locative issue
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monk's Dream narrative for buddha/boddhisatva to be put up on the mountain
new local narratives deal with spirits in good way -worshiping god gives them good karma -good beacuse local tradition not literate so this makes them into an official cult because adds new literary high class legitimacy and their gods get a place in that |
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response to the buddha not chinese isse
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-new understanding of tradition as trajectory in history, time to reach pinnacle in china
-china not ready for buddha when he was born |
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Millenialism
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-at the end of the han dynasty everything was very bloody and unstable and full f war and tons of death and spirits were EVERYWHERE
-people thought the end of the world was coming -look for savior and fin Lazi |
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Lao Zi
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comes in dream and gives tablets that tell to worship him
-teachings are basis for daoism -people thought L would come back to save them -message changed, after some criticism, to "laozi loves the wei dynasty" |
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Final Age of Dharma
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idea that even the dharma is impermanent and on a trajectory, and that we're entering the final age
-add tons of stuff to scripture |
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Ananda + dharma
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-wanted buddha to start a female sangha
-buddha warned that this would shorten his dharma, but ultimately agreed -ended up with the three stage dharma which i will explain |
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three stages of dharma, post ananda story
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1st stage while buddha alive
2nd stage 500 years 3rd and final stage, 5.61 billion years where things fall apart, which i will explain |
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what happens in the 5.61 billion years where everything falls apart?
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-scriptures lose power
-sangha gets corrupt and political -famine -civil war |
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Maitreya
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said to be the next buddha coming in 5.61 billion years to basically start things again, expell the demons, lead revolution, make everything better
-chinese hoped to speed things up -leads to TONS of maitreya worship -when china broke into north and south, lts of rulers of nomadic tribes in north claimed to be maitreya |
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3 stages school
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people decide that since the sangha is corrupt and the scriptures don't work, the only thing you can do is go back to tradition of living
1st public works form of buddhism - under premise that world was ending, did all the things the govt should have been doing (give cloths, food, medicine to needy, etc) so the govt banned them as a heretical sect but were hugely popular with people |
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Dharma King
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When china broke into north and south during the millenialistic times, the king of southern china makes a deal with sangha that he will assure they go on forever in exchange for authortity
-indefinitely postpones final age by making sure S. doesn't become corrupt -becomes patron, sponsor, regulator, puts buddhism under state control -brings buddh. into conflict with confucianists and daoists for imperial patronage |
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Ghost festival
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The mulien thing
-once a year, the spirits come out to play and get fed for three days |
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Mu lien
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the ghost festival guy
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Sage
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man with great insight and understanding who writes text to help you access that insight
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Hui Ssu
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Coms up with a solution to hermaneutic dilemma (how to interpret stuff, since you can't get that from text itself)
-promotes the lotus sutra |
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Lotus Sutra - bkgd
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Indian scripture but not a big deal in india
-foundation chinese buddhism is based on -storeis about cosmic, powerful miracle working -stories of awesome devotion being rewarded |
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Story of the lotus sutra
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-buddha giving second to last sutra, and a monk stand up and asks buddha why in the morning if someone asks a question buddha gives one answer and in the evening another
-everyone else gets up and leaves -buddha says everything before then should be taken with a grain of salt bc tells people what they need to know -tells parable of the burning house |
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what the lotus sutra tells us
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-this story tells us *how* to interpret buddhist text
-tells us that lots of stories are just situational, don't all apply -they'll be able to interpret based on their situation |
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parable of the burning house
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-man w/ many beloved kids, goes away on business for the day
-comes back and the house is on fire -kids so fascinated by toys, don't see burning house -calls and tells to come out but keep playing. then lures them out with three different kinds of cart, and they are saved. gives them all the best cart - the ox drawn one. |
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Shariputra
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the monk who asked the question in the lotus sutra
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what we learn from burning house parable
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daddy = buddha
kids = us father uses skillful means to get them out of house - tells them what need to hear -carts are yanas (vehicles) and maha (great) is the ox one -attachments are to different forms of buddhism -too ofcused on particular *types* of buddhism |
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hermaneutic dillemma in china
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needed lotus sutra because got 800 years of contradictory scripture at once and didn't know how to interpret it
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How many carts are there in parable of burning house?
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indians say 3, chinese say 4 - 4th is the best one
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Tien Tai school
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argues that lotus sutra = supreme scripture bc only one where buddha gives straight-up info and no skillful means
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legacy of lotus sutra
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gives birth to chinese schools with no indian origin
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hua yen schol
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study flower garland sermon (1st after enlightenment) because that was before he started using skillful means
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pure land buddhism
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focused on practice - say to pray to buddha amida and will take you to ppure land
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Hsun Tzu
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one of two main people leading confucianism
-man of talent who wrote great clear essays sought out by emporer -says human nature is evil |
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Essense of Hsun Tzu's idea
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humans are full of conflicting drives and emotion so unlikely anyone will turn out well unless they learn about ritual
-ritual is driving force of society, helps us handle emotions in orderly way, modifies drives, helps us conform to social expecation |
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Mencius
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Idea that human nature is good
-becomes mainstream of human thought from about 900 bc -speaks of good *potentiality* -people born with buds of virtue which leads us to be flourishing humans if cultivated properly - acorn *can* become an oak -good at writing, esp using analogy -baby sitting at edge of well |
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Lao Zi
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wrote dao de qing
-about how to get true knowledge and power outside of dualistic world – can use meditation to leave dualistic midframe to get to your root (the Dao) which you've always been connected to you but you just didn't know it |
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Father of discovery model
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Lao Zi
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Chan buddhism
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1. radical emphasis on meditation
2. radical suspicion of language + info derived from it 3. not at *all* karmically oriented 4. totally about gaining wisdom and insight 5. emphasis on attaining wisdom in this particular body, not long drawn out process |
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Mahakasyapa
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main character of one of the origin stories for chan buddhism
Shows up in Lankavatara scripture -buddha about to give sermon towards end of life, and M. tells him to sum up essence of teaching -on table in front of b. is this super awesome flower that only blooms once every 3000 years -buddha picks up flower, twists, looks at it, M. gets up and leaves and buddha's like yep, only he gets my taeching |
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what we learn from mahakasyapa story
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-lack of language
-journey of flower is our journey -flower is enlightenment -process at once sudden and gradual -show not tell -> when m leaves, he too is giving a performance and *showing* that he understands |
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How chan sells itself
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totally outside the scripture and skillful means
-get a lineage direct from buddha, from M. to boddhidharma who brings it to china -Buddha is now an ancestor! and transmits enlightenment, not ling -buddha not in china but lineage is |
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Boddhidharma
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brings buddhism to china to transmit "true" (chan) buddhism to them since all they have is that boddhisatva crap
-a bit forgotten in real life so easy to create legends about him |
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Most important boddhidharma legend (most of it)
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- goes to southern china and and meets emperor, who tells him to look at the great buddhist stuff he's sponsored and b's like "you haven't done anything"
-B then says that he himself is nothing and that everything imp. is empty - doesn't make any positive assertions or talk a lot -goes into caves in Hunan mountains and meditates non-stop. fame starts to grow -hui ke goes and asks b to take him as disciple and b tells him to go away. h decides he's being tested so decides to wait outside till b realizes his devotion. after 3 days cuts off his arm and gives it to boddhidharma who decides that maybe he does, after all, have the stuff |
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What we learn from boddhidharma legend
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-showing to the max
-can't be attained by everyone - this is very very elite stuff -hard to even get a teacher, but without a teacher no real hope of getting into lineage |
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End of boddhidharma legend
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accumulates 4 disciples and decides to go back to india. asks them what they've learned
Others make assertions about, say, how everything is empty or how enlightenment is great joy. Hui-ke just bows and leaves. says he has marrow. he becomes inheritor of lineage. |
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chan lineage
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starts with boddhidharma, then hui-ke, then on and on
-patriarchal, so nuns can't be chan masters really (can be disciples, but can't be head of lineage) -everyone wants teacher to be successor because important for getting patronage |
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Hui-ke
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the monk in the boddhidharma cave
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Shen Hsiu
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claims to be disciple of 5th chan patriarch
gradual model |
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2 monks claiming to be disciples of 5th chan patriarch
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Shen Hsiu (gradual)
Hui Neng (sudden) |
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Hui neng
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claims to be disciple of 5th chan patriarch
-illiterate peasant from south -hears buddhist chanting one day and understands it so goes to be a monk at Shen Hsiu's monastary, meets doubtful patriarch who sends him to work in kitchen. -"dharma has neither north nor south" impresses master, but doesn't show it - work is meditative, so has enlightenment exp - contest to pick successor, only shen hsiu enters which master says is ok, but lacking -Hui neng also writes a poem on the wall |
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Shen Hsiu's gradual model
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- go from relative truth to absolute
- practice practice practice - need cultivation - like mencius |
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Hui-neng's sudden model
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- you're enlghtened or you'r enot
- Absolute truth doesn't even distinguish between detachment and delution -if truly enlightened then realize you were always enlightened like lao zi |
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Shen Hsiu's poem
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the body is like a bodhi tree
the mind is like a bright mirror always polish the mirror do not allow dust to alight -straightforward kind of chan buddhism - slowly get from dual to non-dual |
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Hui Neng's poem
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Bodhi has no tree
the mind has nothing to support it there is not even one thing where could dust alight - says prob with first poem is that it has a dualism of enlightenment and non-enlightenment -that's a delusion too -his model is realizing you're already there |
