Buddhism - Beliefs And Teachings

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Buddhism

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A religion founded around 2500 years ago by Siddhartha Gautama

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Buddha

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A title given to someone who has achieved enlightenment usually used to refer to Siddhartha Guatama

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The four sights

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Old age, illness, death and a holy man; these four sighs led the Buddha to leave his life of luxury in the palace

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Jataka

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The Jataka tales are popular stories about the lives of the Buddha

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Ascetic

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Living a simple and strict lifestyle with few pleasures or possessions; someone who follows ascetic practises.

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Meditation

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A practise of calming and focusing the mind and reflecting deeply on the specific teachings to penetrate their true meaning.

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Enlightenment

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The gaining of true knowledge about God, self or the nature of reality, usually through meditation and self-discipline; in Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh traditions, gaining freedom from the cycle of rebirth.

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Mara

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A demon that represents spiritual obstacles, especially temptation.

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The three watches of the night

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The three realisations that the Buddha made in order to achieve enlightenment

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The five ascetics

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The Buddha's first five students; five monks who followed ascetic practises

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Dhamma (dharma)

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The Buddha's teachings

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Pali

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The language of the earliest Buddhist scriptures

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Pali

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The language of the earliest Buddhist scriptures

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Pali

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The language of the earliest Buddhist scriptures

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Sanskrit

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The language used in later indian Buddhist texts

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Dependant arising

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The idea that all things arise in dependence upon conditions

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The Tibetan Wheel of Life

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An image that symbolises samsara, often found in Tibetan Buddhist monasteries and temples

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Nidanas

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12 factors that illustrates the process of birth, death and samsara

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Samsara

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The constant cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth

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Kamma (karma)

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A person's actions; the idea that skilful actions results In happiness and unskilful ones result in suffering

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Nirvana (nibbana)

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A state of complete enlightenment, happiness and peace

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Dukkha

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The first noble truth; there is suffering

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Anicca

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Impermanence the idea that everything changes

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Anatta

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The idea that people do not have a permanent, fixed, self or soul

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The five aggregates

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The five aspects that make up a person. Form, sensation, mental formation, conscience and perception.

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The Four Noble Truths

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The four truths the Buddha taught about suffering

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Dukkha

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The first noble truth: there is suffering

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Samudaya

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The second noble truth: there is a cause for suffering

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Nirodha

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The third noble truth: suffering can be stopped

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Magga

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The fourth noble truth: the way to stop suffering: the Eightfold Path

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Theravada Buddhism

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'The school of the elders'; an ancient Buddhist tradition found in southern Asia

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Mahayana Buddhism

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An umbrella term used to describe later Buddhist traditions, including Pure Land Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism and Zen Buddhism

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Tanha

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Craving (desiring or wanting something)

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The Three Poisons

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Ignorance, hatred and greed. The main causes of suffering

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Nibbana (nirvana)

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The state of complete enlightenment, happiness and peace

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The EightFold Path

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The threefold way

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Ethics (sila)

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Meditation (samadhi)

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Wisdom (panna)

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Theravada Buddhism

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'The school of the elders': an ancient Buddhist tradition found in southern Asia

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Mahayana Buddhism

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An umbrella term used to describe some later Buddhist traditions including Pure Land Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism and Zen Buddhism.

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Sunyata

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Emptiness; the concept that nothing has a seperate independent fixed self or soul

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Buddha-nature

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The idea that everyone has the essence of Buddha inside of them

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Buddhahood

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When someone achieves enlightenment and becomes a Buddha

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Arhat

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For Theravada Buddhists, someone who has become enlightened

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Bodhisattva

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For Mahayana Buddhists, someone who has becomes enlightened but chooses to remain in thr cycle of samasara to help others achieve enlightenment as well

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Pure Land Buddhism

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A Mahayana form of Buddhism based on the belief on Amitabha Buddha

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Amitabha Buddha

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The Buddha worshipped by Pure Land Buddhists

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Sukhavati

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The paradise where Amitabha Buddha lives, and where Pure Land Buddhists aim to be reborn