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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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# of Buddhists in the world today
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350million - 4th biggest in world
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Where does 98% live?
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Asia
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How many monks and nuns?
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around 700,000
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Asian states where Buddhism is majority.
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Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Japan
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Is Buddhism unique?
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Buddhism has both similarities and differences to other religions we have studied.
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Nirvana is similar to ______?
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Moksha - Both are releases from ignorance
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Ultimate goal of Buddhism is?
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similar to Christianity & Hinduism...
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How do Buddhists feel about Vedes?
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Reject Vedes and most scriptures
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Anatman - What's the definition?
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no permanent soul or self or ego
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Why do they believe there is no soul or self?
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Focusing on ego (self) is selfish and produces me-first thoughts.
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State of flux means...
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Things are always changing
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Buddhism deemphasizes _______ of self. Buddha said nothing when asked if there was self.
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permanence
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How did Buddha feel about social caste system?
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he rejected it
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Do Buddhisms acknowledge the suffering in the world?
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Yes
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Samsara in Buddhism.
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ignorance keeps one in cycle of rebirth,
desire, aversion, delusion = keep cycle going; |
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What are 4 noble truths?
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1. suffering (dukkha) exists
2. thirst or craving for suffering 3. cessation of suffering 4. path to cessation of Dukkha |
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1st Noble Truth (dukkha)
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suffering exists - all elements in nature involve suffering but doesn't mean one should be miserable, be joyous!
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3 kinds of dukkha
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1. natural pain
2. produced by change 3. conditional reality of existance |
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2nd Noble Truth
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this is ignorance of real nature of things, we see things as permanent, but they are not. ignorance binds us to the external world.
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Thirst or craving for suffering produces...
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neurosis, anger, frustration, - because in reality things are always changing
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3rd Noble Truth (_______of suffering)
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cessation; existance in ignorance = suffering,
this can only stop when thirst is met by wisdom - get off ego trip |
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Nirvana means ...
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extinction = freedom from, is beyond reasoning,
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Nirvana is a ________, not a state
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perspective
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Nirvana is freedom from: (3 things)
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1. passionate attachment to reality, persons, and things
2. anger 3. ignorance also freedom to act and be real |
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The blissful/happiest life is one that has....
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attained nirvana in lifetime.
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4th Noble Truth: Path to Cessation of _____
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Dukkha; buddhists path to 'enlightenment' - called the middle path because it avoids extremes, no asceticism or indulgence
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Noble Eightfold Path is a list of...
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8 things that need to be done each day - actions of body, speech, and mind
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List of Noble Eightfold Path...
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1. right understanding (knowledge/learning)
2. right thought (intentions) 3. right speech (not saying bad) 4. right conduct (preserve life, no stealing, lying, etc) 5. right livelihood (good job) 6. right effort (work hard, try your best) 7. right contemplation or mindfulness (calm/rational/aware) 8. right concentration (meditation) |
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3 essentials of Buddhist training and discipline
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1. ethical conduct
2. mental discipline 3. wisdom |
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#1 - ethical conduct
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(universal love and compassion) noble eightfold path #s 3,4,5
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#2 - mental discipline
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(effort, mindfulness, concentration) noble eightfold path #s 6,7,8
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#3 - wisdom
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(understanding & thought) noble eightfold path #s 1,2
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Buddha's lived from
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563-483BC - human being, no divinity: but has similar birth story to Jesus
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Siddartha Gotma was born a prince in modern day Nepal
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aka Buddha
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Buddha was very sheltered until when... what did he see?
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29 - chariot ride - saw sick man, old sufferening, dead man, serene calm monk
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Buddha after seeing suffering becomes...
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a monk (ascetic) for 6 yrs.
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Then buddha realizes that asceticism is not the answer.
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he ditches asceticim and begins to eat and drink again.
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While sitting under a fig tree, he faces 3 tempations under mara (Lord of death)
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1. seductive women
2. attacking demons 3. promises concerning his family and wealth |
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Buddha refuses all three and after deep meditition he attains illumination.
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Becomes Buddha or Enlightened One
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Buddha spends life teaching/preaching..
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tolerance and understanding, his message is neither religion nor philosophy, and he is careful to honor other religion
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Buddha died b/c he ate a ...
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poisonous mushroom
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"State of nirvana with remainder"
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state of living - nirvana
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After death buddha entered nirvana ______
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without remainder
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Buddhas teachings were trasmitted orally for ____
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400 years
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Texts were written around 100BC - but Buddha wrote nothing
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his followers memorized his teaching
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Golden Age of Buddhism - who was king?
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King Ashokas reign; converted to Buddhism and conquered much of modern India - which spread Buddhism
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Who was the king who took Buddhism from monestary to mainstream.
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King Kanishka (79-149ad); he also accepted other faiths
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After Buddha's death...Buddhism became
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ascetic until established in N. India.
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3 branches of Buddhism
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1. Mahayana Buddhism
2. Theraveda Buddhism 3. Zen Buddhism |
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Mahayana Buddhism arose where?
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Southern India - spread through central Asia then east into China.
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In what countries does Mahayana Buddhism dominate today??
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Japan, korea, and vietnam
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Mahayana means =
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great vehicle (appealed to masses)
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New texts and ways of thinking were used in...
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Mahayana Buddhism
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Buddha's original teachings were popularized in this type of buddhism? ____
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Mahayana Buddhism
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What type of Buddhism added new elements of faith (asceicism) and more emphasis on mysticism and devotion...
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Mahayana Buddhism
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Did Mahayana buddhists believe in socail caste system?
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No, they believed that salvation (aka Nirvana) is for all.
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who is the Bodhisattva -
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super being who has rid himself of all personal desires but is waiting for all to be saved
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The worship and exaltation of ______ was emphasized by the Mahayana Buddhists.
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Bodhisattva
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In order to become a Bodhisattva one must...
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*Must understand Buddha's teachings on Karma and rebirth
*"buddha in the making" *No selfish intentions *Take on the suffering of other via wisdom *compassion for the whole world |
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Focus on Universal _______, not personal _______
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enlightenment, goals
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Buddha has 3 existances...
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1) heavenly body
2) earthly body 3) absolute essence of the universe |
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Mahayan Buddhism opened the door for masses b/c...
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texts were easier to read...it wasn't just for the educated.
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2 Key Results of Mah. Buddhism:
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1) non-reality of objects - people began to see that external, material things are bogus
2) great personal compassion - social caste system gone; love one another is central message of Buddha, wants you to attain nirvana |
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Theraveda Buddhism means
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"teaching of the elders"
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Theraveda is an older and more monastic version based upon monks
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monks are important in this type of buddhism
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Theraveda Buddhism focuses on solidarity and is more ____
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personal, meditation, no deification of the buddha. he is still important by revered as a human. some texts are unaccepted
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How many monks are in SE asia?
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over 500,000
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What are some things monks do?
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beg for alms, offer spiritual guidance, chant blessings, meditation
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Major type of buddhism in what counties?
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Sri Lanka, Thailand
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Merit - making ritual
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good actions produce good karma
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Tantric Buddhism
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represent the final phase of Indian Buddhism - still prominant today in Tibet, India, China, and Japan.
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Tantric Buddhism philosophy is based on....
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Upanishads and on other texts called tantras ("looms") as fabric of teaching
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Looms are....
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tantras/ texts used as a fabric of teaching - in tantric buddhism
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3Ms are...
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1) mandalas
2)mudra 3)mantra |
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Mandalas are...
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represent the entire universe.
a person focuses into the mandala and focuses themselves into a new level of consciousness; |
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Goal of Mandala is ...
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visualize into a divine image
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Mudra is
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symbolic hand gestures, can be used to invoke spirits
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Mantras are
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chanting formulas used to focus and bring prosperity
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Tantric buddhism emphasizes meditiation through....
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visualization
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Key syllable
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OM
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ZEN Buddhism blends
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Mahayana and Taoism forms
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what could be considered the newest form of buddhism?
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Zen
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Where did Zen Buddhism arise?
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China - Chan Buddhsim
spread to Japan and became Zen (1200s ad) |
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What does Zen stand for?
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Self-power
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Which type of Buddhism acquires enlightenment through hard work?
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Zen (self-power)
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Which type of Buddhism was the first to gain large followings in N. America?
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Zen
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Does Zen Buddhism emphasize scriptures or meditation more?
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Meditation
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Meditation of Zen Buddhism focuses on seeing into...
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one's own nature
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What type of meditation is popular in Zen?
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solo meditiation
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Group meditation is also practiced at
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schools of thought
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Japanese Zen means that you are buddha by
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just by sitting
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What type of meditiation leads to an immediate experience?
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JApanese Zen
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Goals of Zen Buddhism are to be
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aware of what you're doing
focus on improving your inner self goal to make life better by dwelling/meditating |
